15 October 2015, Volume 46 Issue 19

    

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工艺 技术
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  Preparation of Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide by Electrostatic Self-assembly

  . 2015, 46(19): 1-0.

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  Mesoporous TiO2 was prepared with the assistance of Mo7O246- as templating agent at room temperature. X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX), surface area and porosity analyzer(ASAP) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectrum（UV-DRS） were used for characteration of mesoporous titanium dioxide. It has a moderately high surface area of 241 m2∕g and a mesoporous structure with an average pore diameter of 3.5 nm. Its photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation.
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  Preparation process and corrosion resistance of Nd-based conversion coating on AZ31 magnesium

  Ding-Zang ZHAO;;;;

  . 2015, 46(19): 2-0.

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  The forming process, morphology composition and corrosion resistance of neodymium-based (Nd-based) conversion coating on AZ31 magnesium was investigated. The best combination of forming process selected by orthogonal layout was 5 g/L Nd(NO3)3, 5ml/L H2O2 at 40℃ for 9 min. The results indicated that Nd-based conversion coating formed by the optimum process became uniform and compact, and was composed of Nd2O3 and MgO. The corrosion resistance of Nd-based conversion was examined by potentiodynamic polarization curves and hydrogen evolution test, the results showed that Nd-based conversion coating can efficiently slow down the corrosion rate of AZ31 magnesium. When Nd(NO3)3 is 5 g/L, Nd-based conversion coating performed the smallest corrosion current density and the best corrosion resistance.
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  Mechanical Properties of Co-Cr-W Alloy Synthesized by Powder Metallurgy at Different Sintering Temperature

  . 2015, 46(19): 3-0.

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  The powder metallurgy method were used to sintering Co-Cr-W cemented carbide in the vacuum conditions. In order to research the effects of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of the alloys, experiments with the temperature in range of 1250 to 1550℃, and the holding time of 90min were conducted. The shrinkage, density, hardness，bending strength and microstructure of the samples were systematically measured to analysis the densification behavior. The result shows that, when sintered at the temperature in range of 1250-1450℃ , the pore of the alloys reduce and ball, the density, hardness and bending strength are improved with increasing sintering temperature and reach the maximum values of 8.75g/cm3 , 63.1HRC and 382MPa at1450℃. When sintering temperature is more than 1450℃ the properties of the alloy begin to decline because of the burning phenomenon . when the sintering temperature is 1550℃ the shape of the samples distorts seriously.
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  Preparation and properties of polycarbonate multi-wavelength absorption lens

  Kai-Yuan YANG ;

  . 2015, 46(19): 4-0.

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  Abstract: A new multi-wavelength absorption lens with good optical and mechanical was prepared by using PC (polycarbonate) as substrate, light absorption dyes UV360, VIS532 and NIR1064 as function additives through injection molding method, which could protect effectively from ultraviolet (250~400 nm band), glare (400~700 nm band) and laser(980 nm and 1064 nm wavelength). The optical performance of light absorption dyes in PC was studied. With the optimal dosage of that three dyes, the ability of ultraviolet, glare and laser protection was excellent that the transmittance of the multi-wavelength absorption lens was 0.06% at 250~400 nm band, 14.43% at 400~700 nm band , 0.006%and 0.003% respectively at 980nm and 1064 nm wavelength (the optical density＞4). The impact strength of material was 60.4 kJ/m2, and the bending strength was 118 MPa. Besides, the lens showed good optical stability after high temperature aging test, low temperature aging test and light aging test.
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  Preparation of Fe3O4/ carboxyl chitosan magnetic composite particle loading drug

  Ming-Hua Chu;;;

  . 2015, 46(19): 5-0.

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  Preparation and microstructure characterization of self-scattered SiNWs powders

  Xia ZHANG; ;;Meng qing sen

  . 2015, 46(19): 6-0.

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  Abstract: Silicon and Ni(NO3)2?6H2O were used as raw materials to prepare nickel coated silicon powder, and then “self-scattered” silicon nano wires (SiNWs) were formed by interface eutectic reaction between silicon and nickel. The “self-scattered” SiNWs can be easily mixed with different materials to form composites without twining and agglomeration which are typical problems of traditional nanowires. It’s indicated that both molar ratio of Si to Ni and silicon particle size have important influence on growth kinetics of SiNWs including the coating appearance and quantity of SiNWs. When the particle size of silicon was 74um, 80% of the mixture grew into linear SiNWs through annealing at 950℃ for 120min with a molar ratio of Si to Ni of 2:1. When the silicon was further ball milled into nano particles (around 100 nm), the Si-centered self-scattered SiNWs growing in radial were formed and each single SiNW was about 150 nm in diameter and 1.5μm in length.
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  Preparation and Properties of Bagasse Cushioning Material

  Hong-wei JI ;;

  . 2015, 46(19): 7-0.

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  In order to obtain the optimal preparation process, this research used bagasse as the main raw material and potato starch as adhesive. Then adopted the compression molding method to prepare cushioning material combining orthogonal experiment. Hot-pressing time (s), hot pressing temperature (℃), glue consumption (%), bagasse particle size were studied as primary influence factors of preparation process. Used SPSS software and microstructure analysis to analyze the effect of these 4 factors on the performance. Finally, this paper also do some research on the influence of bagasse particle size and the density of cushioning material on the performance further. The results showed that: these 4 influence factors have significant difference on the mechanical properties of cushioning material. In terms of the minimum cushioning coefficient of bagasse cushioning material, the comprehensive performance of the material is the best when hot-pressing time is 50s, hot-pressing temperature is 120℃ and glue consumption is 6%. The most appropriate density of cushioning material is the order of magnitude of 170-190 kg/m3. When the mesh number of bagasse particle size is >7, minimum cushioning coefficient reaches the minimum.
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  Research progress of gas atoms thermal desorption from metal/alloys

  Te ZHU

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2015, 46(19): 8-0.

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  During study the gas atom's behavior in metal and alloys, such as migration, diffusion, clustering and formed to bubbles. It is necessary to investigate the capture mechanism of gas atoms with different defects, especially need to analyze the thermodynamic process of atom-defects complexes. Recently, effective experimental method for charactering gas atom’s behavior in materials is interested by researchers. One optional experimental technique is the thermal desorption spectroscopy, which can be used to obtain the binding energy of gas atoms with different defects such as vacancy, dislocation and vacancy cluster, and desorption energy of gas atoms with thermodynamic process. Because of desorption temperature can be marked using atomic mass spectrometry, which can detect the desorbed gas atoms. In this paper, the research progress of gas atoms’ behavior on metal/alloys using thermal desorption spectrometer is described, especially related to the behavior of hydrogen/helium atoms in the structural materials of nuclear reactor.
综述 进展
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  Research Progress in Synthesis and Application of Microcapsules with Organic-inorganic Hybrid Shell

  . 2015, 46(19): 9-0.

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  Abstract: Microcapsules are widely used in many fields ，such as drugs, energy and catalyst, etc. Traditionally, the shell of microcapsule are composed of organic polymer, inorganic or metallic materials solel.With the discovery outstanding properties of organic-inorganic hybrid materials in recent years, the researches and developments of novel microcapsules with organic-inorganic hybrid shell were promoted. In this review, types, synthetic methods and application fields of microcapsules with organic-inorganic hybrid shell were introduced. Current status and existing problems in this field were analyzed, and possible trends of development in this field were also predicted.
研究 开发
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  Preparation and characterization of silicone-oil based γ-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 magnetic fluid

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  . 2015, 46(19): 10-0.

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  In this paper, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were successfully prepared from FeCl3?6H2O and FeSO4?7H2O by chemical co-precipitation method, and their surface was modified by sodium oleate. The γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles were obtained by full thermal oxidizing of Fe3O4 and the composite magnetic particles (γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) were achieved by partial thermal oxidizing of Fe3O4. Using silicone oil as carrier liquid and oleic acid as surface modification agent, Fe3O4 magnetic fluid, γ-Fe2O3 magnetic fluid, and the composite magnetic fluid (γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) were prepared. It was found that the appearance of magnetic nanoparticles was not changed during the thermal oxidizing. The mean size of all magnetic nanoparticles were about 10~20nm. The saturation magnetization of these magnetic fluids prepared was 12.45emu/g, 14.25emu/g and 25.08emu/g.
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  Microalloying effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti based amorphous composites

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  . 2015, 46(19): 11-0.

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  In this paper, a sery of (Ti0.5Ni0.5-XZrX）80Cu20（X=0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08） was successfully achieved in the levitation melting and water-cooling copper suction. We have prepared amorphous composite materials with continuous organization gradient through the control of Zr addition amount and studyed its structure and mechanical behavior and influence of trace of Zr adding to structure and mechanical behavior of Amorphous composite materials.The results show that the temperature gradient of solidification process determines the temperature gradient of composite materials,from surface to center mainly for the amorphous phase,martensite phase and austenitic dendrites. It has precipitated the B2-Ti(Ni, Cu) supercooled austenite phase and the B19-Ti(Ni,Cu) thermal induced martensite phase On as-cast amorphous substrate.Stress induced martensite phase transformated after adding loads.Diffraction peak of martensite gets stonger than when it is as-cast and martensite prefers orientation.This series amorphous alloy’s amorphous formation ability reduces after increaseing firstly and austenite’s contents is declining and transformation induced plasticity decreases,so the plastic is getting low and the intensity reduces after increaseing firstly.
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  Surface graft modification of ceramic membranes and its application in membrane distillation

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  . 2015, 46(19): 12-0.

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  Effect of pH Value and Inorganic salt additive on Synthesis of Bi2WO6 Microspheres by Hydrothermal Method

  . 2015, 46(19): 13-0.

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  Under a mild heat of 170℃, three-dimensional(3D) flower-like Bi2WO6 microspheres has been fabricated by a sodium nitrate assisted hydrothermal method using Na2WO4?2H2O and Bi(NO3)3?5H2O as precursors. It has found that sodium nitrate played an important role in directing growth and self-assembly flower-like Bi2WO6 microspheres by changing the concentration of the additives. On the basis of appropriate of additive concentration demonstrated that the changing pH value carries a great effect on the morphology and the phase composition of Bi2WO6 microspheres. The results indicate the product has always been the Bi2WO6 when the pH value is less than 10.8. While transforming the pH = 12.4, then the product was converted to Bi3.84W0.16O6.24 and the BET of the obtained powder is 33.427m2g-1 at pH=1.2 and the 4M sodium nitrate solution.
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  Design and fabrication of wideband frequency selective surface absorbers loaded with a high dielectric thin layer

  . 2015, 46(19): 14-0.

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  A wideband frequency selective surface (FSS) absorber loaded with high dielectric thin layer is designed, simulated and tested. The proposed absorber is consisted of FR4 dielectric substrate, resistive FSS, polyurethane foam and ground plane. The results indicate that the absorber has a strong absorption more than 90% from 3.6GHz to 24GHz, and is polarization-independent and incident-angle-insensitive. The achieved bandwidth of our absorber reaches 58% of the theoretical limit, showing the enhancement of 11% compared with the absorber without a high dielectric thin layer. Furthermore, the absorption mechanism has been analyzed from the view point of impedance matching. The electromagnetic configuration of the proposed absorber is similar to that of the sandwich structure composites which have been widely used in the engineering fields. As a result the proposed absorber has potentials in the design of advanced composites with absorbing as well as mechanism properties.
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  The influence of pure Al and hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy base materials on the cell structures of aluminum foams produced by gas injection foaming process

  YuTong Zhou;

  . 2015, 46(19): 15-0.

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  Using gas injection foaming process, the influences of pure Al and hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy base materials on the average cell size, relative density, average cell wall thickness and other cell structure parameters of aluminum foams were studied. Compared with the aluminum foams produced from pure Al, the cell structures of the aluminum foams produced from hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy are much better, and the average cell size, relative density and average cell wall thickness of aluminum foams produced from hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy is smaller, lower and thinner. While these cell structure parameters are similar between the aluminum foams produced from different hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. In terms of alloy phase diagram, surface tension, melt viscosity and the average rupture thickness of liquid films, the related reasons causing the above results are analyzed. This study shows that the kind of base material is an important factor in aluminum foam production, since it will significantly affect the quality of aluminum foams.
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  Fabrication and properties of the hierarchical superhydrophobic T6Al4V surfaces by sand-blasting and anodic oxidation

  Yi-Zhou SHEN;;;;;

  . 2015, 46(19): 17-0.

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  The main purpose of this paper is to fabricate the superhydrophobic surfaces by modifying the micro-nanostructures (constructed by the combination of sand-blasting and anodic oxidation) with the FAS-17. The results show that the contact angle of a 4 μL droplet on the superhydrophobic surface reaches 159.8°, and after exposing 30 days in the air, the water repellency does not decay at all. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic surface does also have high durability in a NaCl solution.
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  Influence of solution temperature on pseudo elasticity of FeNiAlTa shape memory alloy

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  . 2015, 46(19): 18-0.

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  The effects of solution temperature on pseudo elasticity and hardness of Fe54Ni32Al12.5Ta1.5 memory alloy are studied by metallurgical microscope, X-ray diffraction, SEM (EDS) and compression test machine. The results show that solution temperature impacts on grain size and the amount of β-phase. The comprehensive analysis of pseudo elasticity curve and hardness results, show that as the solution temperature increase, the compressive strength, recoverable strain and hardness increase first and then decrease, the residual strain decreases first and then increases. When the solution temperature is 1423 K, the alloy compressive strength is the maximum, up to 1985.7 MPa, the alloy recoverable deformation is the maximum, reaching 15.12%, the hardness of the alloy is also the largest, reaching to 58.9 HRC. But the alloy residual strain is relative minimum. When solution temperature continues to rise, the pseudo elastic property and hardness of the alloy are influenced by burnt structure.
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  Dissolution process in aluminoborosilicate glass solidifition

  Qi-Long LIAO

  . 2015, 46(19): 19-0.

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  Abstract: The Monte-Carlo method was used to research the leaching of silicon, boron and aluminum in the aluminoborosilicate solidifition. In order to verify the accuracy of the simulation results, the Direct Reading Plasma Emission Spectroscopy（ICP-OES） was used. The simulation and experimental results both show a saturate of silicon concentration in aluminoborosilicate solidifition. The dissolution-condensation of silicon leads to the formation of colloid layer in the surface, which causes a corrosion blocking and limits the release of boron and aluminum in solution. Each element will eventually reach a stable equilibrium state. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. It is possible to reproduce quantitatively the reaction of the glass dissolution. Key word: monte carlo; aluminoborosilicate; glass solidifition; dissolution
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  Effect of Sn on the structure and corrosion of the Ni-Sn-P coatings

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  . 2015, 46(19): 20-0.

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  Electroless Ni-Sn-P coatings were deposited on mild steel L245 substrates in an alkaline-citrate-based bath where nickel sulphate and stannic chloride were used as metal ion sources and sodium hypophosphite was used as a reducing agent. six groups of coatings were prepared based on the content of stannum. The element concentration and surface morphology of the coatings were examined by Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The corrosion resistance were examined by polarization curve and Ac impedance spectroscopy. Results indicated that stannum can reduce the porosity of coating and improve the corrosion resistance. The coating with stannum 7.05wt% had the minimum porosity and the highest corrosion resistance.
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  Effect of dodecylbenzenesulfonate on the electrochemical performance of the MnO2

  . 2015, 46(19): 21-0.

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  In this paper, manganese oxide (MnO2) nanostructures were synthesized by fluid co-precipitation method with surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). The effect of SDBS on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the as prepared MnO2 was studied. The structure and morphology of the products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties of the as prepared MnO2 were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (CD) test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 1 mol/L Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. The results showed that SDBS had no significant influence on the crystal structure of the as prepared MnO2, but made the size of the as prepared MnO2 smaller. As the concentration of SDBS increased, the specific capacitance of the as-obtained MnO2 first increased and then decreased, and 0.023 mol/L was found to be the optimum impact concentration of SDBS. The MnO2 synthesized under optimum concentration delived a high specific capacitance of 193 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g, compared to the 156 F/g of the MnO2 synthesized without surfactant.
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  The effects of different calcium sources on the microstructure of hydroxyapatite in the hydrothermal system

  . 2015, 46(19): 22-0.

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  Abstract: Hydroxyapatite(HAP) has been widely used because of its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, and the morphology control is of critical importance for its usage. In the present paper, using phosphoric acid as the P sources, nano-hydroxyapatite crystals were synthesized through hydrothermal method under the different Ca sources precursors. The effects of different Ca sources precursors on the microstructure and the growth of HAP crystals were studied by the X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning election microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), simultaneity, its growth mechanism was discussed using ligand theory. The results revealed that the better nano-HAP crystal could been synthesized at pH=10, temperature of 200℃, and time of 8h conditions. The dispersion, microstructure and crystallinity of HAP products were effected under the different Ca sources precursors, The near-spherical nano-HAP particles were synthesized by using CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2 as the Ca sources respectively, CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2 as calcium source precursors, the nano-HAP crystal particles show morphology of short rod, especially, CaCl2 compare with Ca(NO3)2, It is obviously that the regularity dispersion,uniformity, crystallinity and polar growth characteristics of HAP is the best. In addition, EDS analysis results confirmed that the HAP products do not contain any impurity, the Ca/P ratio is difference at the different Ca sources precursors, the average Ca/P ratio is about 1.75, belonging to the rich calcium type of HAP.
工艺 技术
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  Preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/waterborne polyacrylate nanocomposites for coated controlled release urea

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  . 2015, 46(19): 25-0.

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  The MWCNTs were used as modified material to develop the waterborne Polyacrylate and its coated controlled release urea. The swelling capacity, mechanical property and structural properties of materials were determined. Meanwhile, the urea releases of nanocomposite CRFs were detected. Results showed that appropriate content of MWCNTs could improve the properties of Polyacrylate and the longevity of CRFs. From this research, we obtained the appropriate content of MWCNTs was about 0.4 wt. %. The application of MWCNTs to waterborne polyacrylate coated urea has broad prospects for development.
研究 开发
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  Effect of titanium addition on phase stabilityand grain size of of hydroxyapatite

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  . 2015, 46(19): 26-0.

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  Hydroxyapatite nanopowder was synthesized by chemical precipitation method by the addition of tetrabutyl titanate. The results showed that the addition of titanium to hydroxyapatite had a great influence on phase stability and grain size. When sintered at 1000℃-1200℃, hydroxyapatite with the addition of titanium did not decompose, which demonstrated that the phase stability of hydroxyapatite was improved. The structure of hydroxyapatite changed, such as a axis，c axis and unit volume, and they were proportional to the addition of titanium. The grain size of 0.8wt% addition of titanium to hydroxyapatite was much smaller than that of pure hydroxyapatite.
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  Piezomagnetic properities of FeCuNbSiBV amorphous and nanocrystalline strip

  Jie CHEN;Zhenghou Zhu

  . 2015, 46(19): 27-0.

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  The piepomagnetic property of Fe71.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9V2 amorphous and nanocrystalline strips by different annealing process has been studied , and analysed the piepomagnetic property of Fe71.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9V2 with different composition . The study shows that when the test frequency is 1 kHz and the compressive stress σ is no more than 0.2MPa, the amorphous magnetic material of Fe71.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9V2 has excellent piezomagnetic property that the inductance value of amorphous alloy strip closed circuit grows with the increase of the stress applied to the surface of the strip. When the annealing temperature was 550℃, stability of the piezomagnetic property of the strip became the best, there was a clarify linear relationship between coil inductance value and time, SI(%) and compressive stress applied to the surface. While the thermal treatment process has a great influence on the piezomagnetic property of Fe71.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9V2, the maximum value of SI (%) would reach to 0.18330 when the annealing process was heating 300℃ for 30min . In addition, the piezomagnetic effect of the strip is related to its composition , in the same testing cases, Fe73.5CulNb3Si13.5B9 strips has the best piepomagnetic effect, followed by Fe78Si9B13, and the piepomagnetic effect of Fe71.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9V2 is worst.
工艺 技术
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  Electrocatalytic performance of RuO2-SnO2 anode and the preparation of electrolyzed oxidizing water

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  . 2015, 46(19): 28-0.

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  Electrolyzed oxidizing water(EOW), as an innovative disinfectant characterized by its high efficiency, broad antimicrobial spectrum, and non-toxic residues, has been broadly used such as in health care, food safety, and agricultural production. But in the process of EOW preparation, there are lack of research of the key electrode material, and it is not to establish the relationship between the electrode materials and bactericidal activity factor(HClO). RuO2-SnO2 anode was prepared by thermal decomposition method. It could be seen that the crystal type of RuO2-SnO2 is the typical rutile structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrode surface exhibited the electrochemical characteristics of RuO2 through cyclic voltammetry(CV) without the characteristics of SnO2. The polarization curve of chloride evolution and oxygen evolution were further studied by Linear sweep voltammetry(LSV). With the current density of 70mA?cm-2, the potential difference between chloride evolution and oxygen evolution was 368mV for RuO2-SnO2 electrode, but 278mV for RuO2 electrode. It suggests that the selectivity of chlorine evolution reaction of RuO2-SnO2 electrode is higher than that of RuO2 electrode. On this basis, electrolysis efficiency, available chlorine content, hypochlorous acid content and the acceleration life test of RuO2-SnO2 electrode were all studied in the actual preparation process of electrolyzed oxidizing water. The results showed that compared with RuO2, the electrolysis efficiency of RuO2-SnO2 electrode increased by 11.34% available chlorine content increased by 35.57% and hypochlorous acid content increased by 33.62%. And, what's more, the acceleration life is increased 14 fold. Finally, by SEM characterization and electrochemical porosity calculations of RuO2-SnO2 electrode, it had suggested that the electrode surface is smooth and the internal porosity is large. So it can hinder the electrolyte penetration into the inner of electrode, enhance the electrode corrosion resistance , and improve the service life.