03 February 2023, Volume 54 Issue 1
    

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    Focuses & Concerns
  • Research on properties of PPA/LSBR composite modified asphalt and mixture
    MA Feng, PENG Chong, FU Zhen, HOU Yingjie, TANG Yujie, CHANG Xiaorong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1001-1006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.001
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    In order to study the pavement performance of polyphosphate (PPA) and liquid styrene butadiene rubber (LSBR) composite modified asphalt and mixture, LSBR with 2.0% content and PPA with 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% and 1.5% content are selected for compounding. Penetration, softening point, ductility, rotational viscosity and four component tests are adopted to analyze the basic performance, temperature sensing performance and component changes of the modified asphalt. The road performance changes of the composite modified mixture were studied by rutting test, low temperature trabecular bending test, immersion Marshall test and freeze-thaw cycle test. The results show that PPA can effectively improve the temperature sensitivity and high temperature performance of LSBR modified asphalt; With the increase of PPA content, asphaltene gradually increases and colloid decreases, resulting in the increase of asphalt viscosity; The dynamic stability of PPA/LSBR composite modified asphalt mixture is 77.2% higher than that of LSBR, showing good high temperature performance, Compared with freeze-thaw splitting, the failure strain and freeze-thaw splitting of LSBR are reduced by 6.1% and 2.79% respectively, but it is still 2.0% and 2.3% higher than that of SBS modified asphalt mixture, and its comprehensive performance is the best.
  • Effect of nitrogen argon flow ratio on cavitation resistance of NiTiAlCrN coating
    YAN Hongjuan, LIU Yifeng, MI Zhifeng, SI Lina, DOU Zhaoliang, LIU Fengbin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1007-1011. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.002
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    The microstructure and properties of NiTiAlCrN coatings with different N contents were explored by changing the nitrogen-argon flow ratio. The microstructure and morphologies of the coating was characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The cavitation experiment was carried out by an ultrasonic vibration cavitation machine. The results show that NiTiAlCrN coating exhibits a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with preferential orientations on the (111) and (200) crystal planes. With the increase of nitrogen-argon flow ratio, the hardness, elastic modulus and cavitation resistance increased first and then decreased. When the nitrogen-argon flow ratio is 1∶1, the structure of the coating is the densest, the grains are the smallest, the hardness is the highest, and the cavitation resistance is the strongest. When the nitrogen-argon flow ratio is 3∶2, the coating exhibits the largest elastic potential energy and the strongest toughness, but the ability to resist cavitation is lower than that of the coating when the nitrogen-argon flow ratio is 1∶1, which reveals that the hardness has a greater effect on the cavitation resistance of the coating. A large number of oxides of cavitation resistance such as Cr2O3 and Al2O3 were found on the inner wall of the cavitation pit, which alleviated the impact of the micro-jet and further reduced the damage to the coating.
  • Effects of ultrathin copper nanowires prepared by low temperature hydrothermal method on the performance of indoor photovoltaic cells
    DAI Shijie, LI Ming, WU Yinghao, ZHU Xinyu, CAI Yuhang, MA Shaokun, CHEN Dichun, ZHENG Lingling, YUN Daqin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1012-1019. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.003
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    The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metal nanomaterials has unique optoelectronic properties, and the research on improving the photovoltaic performance of thin-film solar cells based on the LSPR effect has become one of the hot research fields of widespread concern at home and abroad. In this paper,ultrathin copper nanowires of face-centered cubic structure with a diameter of about 20 nm was synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal reduction method using glucose as reducing agent, copper chloride dihydrate as copper source, and hexadecylamine and octadecylamine as capping agents. The crystal structure, morphology and optical properties of the synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, copper nanowires and nanoparticles were mixed as electron transport layers to utilize their LSPR effect to improve the light harvesting efficiency and electron transport efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and the influence of the indoor photovoltaic performance of PSCs was investigated. The research shows that, compared with the device without Cu NWs, the energy conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs with Cu NWs under simulated sunlight with the light intensity of 100 mW/cm2 increases from 18.46% to 20.47%; The PCE under the indoor LED light source of 2 000 lux has been greatly increased from the original 27.8% to 35.2%, and the indoor photovoltaic efficiency has been improved by as much as 26.6%.
  • Sintering characteristics, phase structure and microwave dielectric properties of low-loss SrY0.15Ce0.85O2.925 ceramics
    LIU Yanjun, HE Guoqiang, HE Yinghan, LI Qing, DAI Zhengli, ZHANG Hailin, ZHOU Huanfu
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1020-1025. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.004
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    In this paper, SrY0.15Ce0.85O2.925 ceramic materials were prepared by a solid-phase reaction method, and their phase composition, structure, sintering characteristics and microwave dielectric properties were investigated by XRD, SEM and microwave vector network analyzer. As the sintering temperature was 1 450 ℃, the SrY0.15Ce0.85O2.925 ceramics exhibited the optimized comprehensive performances with bulk density of 5.2 g/cm3, relative density of 92.7%, Q×f =21 503 GHz, εr=23.83 and τf=-46.43 ppm/℃, indicating that the SrY0.15Ce0.85O2.925 ceramics are the alternative material for the preparation of modern mobile communication devices.
  • Photoelectric properties of Bi2Se3 thin films prepared by electrochemical deposition
    HUA Yihan, FENG Shuanglong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1026-1032. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.005
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    As exotic states of quantum matter, topological insulators have been widely used in the field of next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. Due to the co-existence of metal surface states and a narrow gap of 0.3 eV, ultrafast charge transport capability and infrared light absorption capability are both observed in Bi2Se3, making it a research hotpot for new optoelectronic devices. In this paper, Bi2Se3 thin films were electrochemically deposited on ITO substrates in an acidic electrolyte solution by the potentiostat deposition method. The growth conditions of Bi2Se3 thin films were determined by the control variable method as pH 0.2-0.8, deposition potential -0.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl, and deposition time 1 h. Meanwhile, the structure and morphology of Bi2Se3 thin films were studied by field emission transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and other characterization techniques. Finally, the photoresponse characteristic of Bi2Se3 thin films was studied, and the influence of the annealing process on its photoelectric characteristic was investigated. The test results show that the annealed Bi2Se3 thin film has good photoelectric performance in the near-infrared band. The responsivity and specific detectivity are about 6.3×10-5 A/W and 2.9×106 cmHz0.5/W, respectively.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progress on the luminescence properties improvement of Cu doped halide perovskite materials
    GAO Mengxuan, ZHANG Chao, LIU Xiaolin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1033-1039. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.006
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    In recent years, halide perovskite shows excellent performance as a new type of semiconductor material, which makes it favored not only in the field of photovoltaic, but also in optoelectronic devices such as photoelectric detection, biological imaging, laser and light-emitting diodes. However, there are still many problems need to be solved in the commercialization of halide perovskite, such as lead toxicity, air instability and low luminous efficiency. Ion doping is considered to be an effective way to improve this situation. In this paper, we first introduce the evolution of halide perovskite structure, and briefly describe the effects of different dimensions on its luminescent properties. Then, the current research progress of copper-doped halide perovskite is systematically described from two aspects of divalent Cu2+ and univalent Cu+ ion doping, and the various mechanisms of the effect of copper ion on the properties of halide perovskite are analyzed. Finally, the deficiency in the current research of copper-doped halide perovskite and the potential research directions in the future are discussed.
  • Research progress of functional composite coatings
    TIAN Na, SU Qiong, WANG Yanbin, LI Zhaoxia, WEI Xiaohong, CAI Juyan, BAI Chunyuan, ZHAO Libin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1040-1049. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.007
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    At present, waterborne coatings are the main coatings occupying the market. Due to waterborne coatings use water as solvent to cause bacterial invasion, which affects their performance. Superhydrophobic surfaces with strong self-cleaning ability can reduce the adhesion strength of bacteria, but not enough to kill bacteria. the application of antibacterial agents in superhydrophobic coatings can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, which is of great significance in practical application.This paper reviews the classification of superhydrophobic coatings, antibacterial coatings and antibacterial agents, and the action mechanism of antibacterial superhydrophobic coatings and three kinds of antibacterial superhydrophobic coatings including metal base, quaternary ammonium salt and N-halogen amine are mainly introduced, as well as their applications in medical and sanitation, material protection and marine antifouling. Finally, the development prospect of antibacterial superhydrophobic composite coating is prospected.
  • Progress in thermal conductivities of boron nitride nanotube/polymer nanocomposites
    LIU Xin, YAN Jun, HUANG Zirui, LU AI, ZHANG Richao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1050-1057. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.008
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    With the rapid development of electronic information technology and nanotechnology, high thermal conductivity polymer composite materials have attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) have the characteristics of stable chemical properties, excellent electrical insulation, thermal stability, high thermal conductivity, and good mechanical strength. They are combined with polymers to prepare high thermal conductivity polymer composites. It is widely used in the fields of electronic devices, aerospace, chemical engineering, microelectronic packaging, biomedical materials and solar energy utilization. This article reviews the properties, preparation methods and thermal conductivity of BNNTs.
  • Research progress of magnetic biochar remediation of heavy metal polluted water
    SONG shaohua, XU jinlan, SONG xiaoqiao, YU yuan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1058-1069. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.009
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    It is difficult to separate ordinary biochar from water environment, and it may cause secondary pollution, which hinders the large-scale application of ordinary biomass charcoal as adsorbent. An effective strategy to address this problem is to introduce transition metals and their oxides into the biochar matrix, resulting in easily separated magnetic biochars. Magnetic biochar can not only effectively remove heavy metal pollutants in aqueous solution, but also realize the separation of magnetic adsorbents by applying an external magnetic field, and then recover-regenerate-reuse to improve its repair performance. Due to its superiority in heavy metal adsorption, it has attracted extensive attention and research in the field of heavy metal-contaminated water treatment. The review briefly summarizes the different preparation methods of magnetic biochar, sorts out the mechanism of magnetic biochar adsorption of heavy metals, and analyzes the factors affecting the interaction between magnetic biochar and heavy metals. Finally, the further research needs and future research directions of magnetic biomass char in the treatment of heavy metal polluted water are pointed out, and the future development prospects and potentials are prospected.
  • Preparation and application progress of photo-thermal conversion carbon materials for water treatment
    FAN Sha, HE Kaijun,XIANG Jiaojiao, GAO Dali, JIANG Chao,
    QUAN Hui, ZHANG Shijun, ZHU Hailin, LIU Guojin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1070-1078. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.010
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    Solar photo-thermal evaporation is an efficient and green technology for water treatment, which has attracted close attention of researchers in recent years. Carbon materials are considered as ideal solar photo-thermal conversion materials due to their wide spectrum absorption capacity and good photo-thermal performance. Firstly, the photo-thermal conversion carbon materials and their photo-thermal conversion principle were summarized, and the structure design of the solar evaporation system based on carbon material was briefly described in this review; then the preparation methods of carbon materials applied in the field of water treatment were emphasized; the application status of photo-thermal conversion carbon materials in seawater desalination and wastewater treatment was summarized; finally, the future research direction and development of photo-thermal conversion carbon materials for water treatment were prospected. This paper can provide some strategic support for the research and development of photo-thermal conversion carbon materials in the field of water treatment.
  • Research progress of GeTe based thermoelectric materials
    GAO Wenbo, LIU Jixing, ZHANG Shengnan, SHAO Baitao, LI Chengshan, YAN Guo, YANG Qing
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1079-1091. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.011
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    GeTe based materials have great potential in thermoelectric applications ,thus have become a research focus of middle temperature thermoelectric materials. In this paper, the crystal structure and phase transformation process of GeTe are introduced firstly. Then the research progresses of GeTe system are systematically introduced based on the thermoelectric properties enhancement technique in pervious reports, including: (1) Aiming at the enhancement of the power factor, by optimizing the hole carrier concentration and increasing the vacancy energy of Ge; (2) Energy band engineering strategy to optimize the energy band structure; (3) Reducing the thermal conductivity by introducing nano-sized defects (point defects, stacking defects and nanocrystalline precipitation) etc. In general, the research and development of GeTe-based thermoelectric materials have great significances to physics, chemistry and materials science and engineering.
    • Research & Development
  • Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose-graphene layered composite films
    ZHANG Xingli, CHEN Zhiyue, CHEN Hao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1092-1096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.012
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    Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is a natural polymer material with renewable and degradable properties. In this current study, based on the outstanding physical properties of graphene oxide (GO), CNCs-GO highly ordered layered structures are prepared by vacuum filtration method to improve the mechanical strength and hydrophobic properties of CNCs films. The experimental results show that when the mass fraction of graphene is 4%, the tensile strength of CNCs-GO layered film reaches a maximum of 204.4 MPa, which is 58.8% higher than that of the original CNCs film. The elastic modulus of layered films increases first and then decreases with the increase of GO mass fraction. The accuracy of mechanical test results is verified by analyzing the microstructure and dynamic thermo-mechanical properties of layered films. The contact angles of CNCs films and CNCs-GO layered films are measured, and it is found that the hydrophobic properties of the layered films are significantly improved due to the interaction between the hydrogen bond network of CNCs and the free hydroxyl groups on the GO surface.
  • Preparation and electromagnetic shielding performance of transition metal carbide Ti3C2Tx
    LI Jun, XU Lihui, LU Guangming, PAN Hong, SHEN Yong, WANG Liming, XU Tianyang, CAI Yangfang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1097-1103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.013
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    Two-dimensional transition metal carbides(MXenes) have excellent electrical conductivity, flexibility and hydrophilicity, among which Ti3C2Tx has been widely studied in the field of electromagnetic wave shielding to date. Ti3C2Tx is obtained by selective etching of Al element in MAX phase Ti3C2Tx and further stripping, so the etching and stripping processes directly determine the physicochemical properties of Ti3C2Tx. In this research, LiF/HCl was used to selectively etch the precursor Ti3AlC2, and the etching time and stripping time were optimized to prepare single/few-layer Ti3C2Tx. The surface morphology and chemical composition of Ti3C2Tx were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx were studied with vector network analyzer (VNA) and four-probe tester. The results showed that the single/few-layer Ti3C2Tx can be effectively prepared by the LiF/HCl selective etching method. When the etching time was 48 h and the ultrasonic stripping time was 50 min, the electromagnetic shielding performance of the obtained Ti3C2Tx film can reach up to 52.5 dB, and the conductivity can reach 7 342.1 S/m. Meanwhile, the absolute shielding efficiency of Ti3C2Tx self-supporting film reached 18 347.65 dB cm2/g at low thickness, showing excellent electromagnetic shielding performance.
  • Study on preparation of SiO2:Tb3+ fluorescent materials from yellow phosphorus slag and their luminescence properties
    LIU Yumeng, MA Yemei, SU Yi, LI Yanhong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1104-1109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.014
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    In this paper, using industrial waste yellow phosphorus slag as raw material, silicon dioxide (SiO2) with three-dimensional network structure was obtained by leaching with nitric acid to obtain, and SiO2:Tb3+ fluorescent material with high fluorescence intensity and good optical stability to prepared by using chemical precipitation method. The surface morphology, internal structure characteristics and luminescence properties of fluorescent materials were characterized and tested by modern analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, infrared absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that the SiO2:Tb3+ fluorescent material has an amorphous structure. In the excitation spectrum, there is a strong excitation peak at 377 nm (7F6-5L10), and its emission peak is located at 544 nm, which belongs to the 5D4-7F5 characteristics of Tb3+. Transition emission shows bright green fluorescence under ultraviolet light irradiation. In the 30-day stability measurement, the intensity decline rate is 38 a.u/day, which is basically stable and has good optical stability characteristics.
  • Synthesis of rare earth Tb doped DyBaCo4O7+δ nanopowder and its oxygen adsorption/desorption properties
    WANG Jiao, WANG Feifei, HAO Haoshan, XIA Siyi, LIU Shaohui
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1110-1114. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.015
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    Rare earth element Tb doped DyBaCo4O7+δ nano-powder was synthesized by sol-gel process.The effect of Tb doping with different concentration on the morphology, crystal structure and oxygen adsorption-desorption properties of DyBaCo4O7+δnano-powder was studied.Dy1-xTbxBaCo4O7+δnanopowder is still hexagonal close packed crystal structure at low Tb doping concentration. Tb doping has little effect on the morphology of Dy1-xTbxBaCo4O7+δnanopowder. From room temperature to 1 000 ℃, DyBaCo4O7+δnanopowder and Dy1-xTbxBaCo4O7+δnanopowders showed two times of oxygen adsorption and desorption.Compared with the oxygen adsorption performance of DyBaCo4O7+δnanopowder, the oxygen adsorption capacity of Tb doped DyBaCo4O7+δ nanopowder is obviously higher than that of undoped DyBaCo4O7+δ. The oxygen adsorption capacity of DyBaCo4O7+δis 1.4%, while the oxygen adsorption capacity of Dy1-xTbxBaCo4O7+δis 4.9%. DyBaCo4O7+δnanopowders and Dy1-xTbxBaCo4O7+δnanopowders showed good oxygen adsorption/desorption behavior during N2/O2 gas switching. The improvement of the oxygen adsorption/desorption performance of DyBaCo4O7+δcan be attributed to the improvement of the spacing of DyBaCo4O7+δand the increase of the oxygen storage space of DyBaCo4O7+δ.
  • Mechanical properties and durability of cement-based composites toughened by nano carbon fibers
    SUN Yapo
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1115-1119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.016
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    Using ordinary Portland cement P.O 42.5 as matrix material and nano carbon fibers with different doping contents (0, 0.4 wt%, 0.8 wt% and 1.2 wt%) as reinforcing phase, nano carbon fiber toughened cement-based composites were prepared,and the effects of the doping amount of nano carbon fibers on the crystal structure, mechanical properties and durability of cement-based composites were studied.The results showed that the doping of nano carbon fibers didn’t produce new hydration products in cement-based composites, but accelerated the hydration reaction.The “connection” effect of nano carbon fibers made the pore structure of cement-based composites become dense and the cracks and pores were reduced.With the increased of the doping amount of nano carbon fibers, the compressive strength and flexural strength of cement-based composites first increased and then decreased when the doping amount of nano carbon fibers was 0.8 wt%, the compressive strength and flexural strength of cement-based composites reached the maximum at 28 d, which were 82.4 and 13.1 MPa respectively.The frost resistance of cement-based composites was tested by single-sided salt freezing method.It was found that the doping of nano carbon fibers improved the frost resistance of cement-based composites when the doping amount of nano carbon fibers was 0.8 wt%, the minimum mass loss per unit area of cement-based composites after 28 freeze-thaw cycles was 0.114 kg/m2.The comprehensive analysis of mechanical properties and durability shows that the optimal content of carbon nanofibers is 0.8 wt%.
  • Antibacterial properties of hydrogels loaded with gallium porphyrin compounds
    GUO Xinyu, WU Zhe, MA Hongyan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1120-1126. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.017
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    Polycarboxybetaine (pCB) and polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) were prepared by polymer polymerization. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cationic modified gallium porphyrin (GA-CMP) against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were determined by colony counting method. The sustained release rate and antibacterial performance of the hydrogel loaded with gallium porphyrin were investigated. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of cationic modified gallium porphyrin against Stap S.aureus and E. coli were 4 μM and 10 μM, respectively. The hydrogel material loaded with gallium porphyrin compounds showed sustained release over the 30 day test interval. 500 μg/ mL PHEMA-GA-CMP completely inhibited S.aureus at 12 h and E.coli at 8 h. 500 μg/ mL PCB-GA-CMP completely inhibited S.aureus and E.coli at 24 h.
  • Study on mechanical properties and frost resistance of carbon nanofibers modified concrete
    ZHOU Meirong, DAI Li
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1127-1132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.018
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    With high tensile strength and elastic modulus,carbon nanofibers are widely used as toughening agent of cement concrete.By adding different contents of carbon nanofibers (0, 0.3 wt%, 0.6 wt% and 0.9 wt%) into concrete, the effects of the doping amount of carbon nanofibers on the mechanical properties and frost resistance of concrete were studied.The results show that the doping of carbon nanofibers does not produce new products, but accelerates the hydration reaction, increases the structural compactness of the modified concrete and reduces the number of pores and defects.When the doping amount of carbon nanofibers is 0.6 wt%, the morphology and structure of modified concrete are the best.With the increase of carbon nanofibers doping, the reduction ratio of compressive strength, flexural strength and wear of modified concrete first increases and then decreases, and the wear per unit area and the mass loss at 80 freeze-thaw cycles first decrease and then increase.When the doping amount of carbon nanofibers are 0.6 wt%, the compressive strength and flexural strength of modified concrete at 28 d reach the maximum, which are 47.83 and 5.92 MPa respectively. The minimum wear per unit area is 1.12%, the maximum wear reduction rate is 55.56%, and the minimum mass loss rate at 80 freeze-thaw cycles is 1.23%.According to the analysis, the optimum doping amount of carbon nanofibers is 0.6 wt%.
  • Effect of normal load on tribological properties of
    Fe-based amorphous bulk composites
    ZHANG Qiang, LI Chunyan, LI Chunling, HOU Shaojie, CHEN Jiaxin,
    CHENG Zhiqiang, KOU Shengzhong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1133-1137. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.019
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    The effect of normal loads on the tribological properties of Fe-based bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs) are studied in this paper. Fe-based BMGCs were firstly fabricated by water-cooled copper mold suction casting method. Then the phase composition and microhardness of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and microhardness tester, respectively. The friction and wear properties of the samples were tested by the reciprocating friction and wear tester. The results show that there are both crystalline and amorphous phases in alloys, and the proportion of amorphous phase is 55.65%. In addition, compared with traditional crystalline materials of the same composition, Fe-based BMGCs possess higher hardness. With the increasing of the normal load, the wear mechanism of the sample surface gradually changes from abrasive wear and oxidation wear to the coexistence of abrasive wear, oxidation and fatigue wear mechanism, as well as the wear quantity increases further.
  • Bondability of gold wire on Ag plated Cu lead frame
    XIAO Yuchen, WU Baoan, TANG Huiyi, LUAN Baifeng, TAN Xiaohong,
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1138-1143. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.020
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    Bonding alloy wire is a key material in the process of electronic packaging. Itsbonding reliability has an important impact on the performance stability and operating life of electronic components. In this paper, 2835 LED chips were bonded with Ag plated lead frames by Au wires, and the bonding strength of Au wires and the reliability of Au-Ag bonding interfaces were tested and studied by means of destructive bonding strength tests and accelerated life tests. The effects of high temperature and current loading on the microstructure evolution and element diffusion behavior of Au wires and Au-Ag bonding interfaces were compared and analyzed. The results show that after the temperature bias and operating life(TBOL) test, the mutual diffusion of Au and Ag has been intensified, and the residual gold area of Au-Ag bonding point has been increased. The Ag content in Au solder joint increased from 0.195% to 1.584% (mass fraction), which enhanced the solid solution strengthening effect of solder joint, and the average thrust value of solder joint has been increased by about 10%, which further improved the bonding reliability of solder joint.
  • Grafting modification of graphene oxide with acrylic acid and its adsorption properties for Ce(Ⅲ)
    LIU Zunyi, TAN Lei, QU Jing, YANG Hui, HAO Yan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1144-1153. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.021
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    The adsorption material (GO-g-PAA) with good adsorption properties for Ce(Ⅲ) was prepared by grafting acrylic monomer onto graphene oxide. The effects of different experimental conditions such as adsorption time and pH value on the adsorption capacity of Ce(Ⅲ) were systematically studied. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium of Ce(Ⅲ) onto GO-g-PAA could be achieved within 100 min. The adsorption behavior was well fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption model, which implies that the adsorption is a chemisorption process and single molecular adsorption. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of GO-g-PAA for Ce(Ⅲ) uptake was 259.1 mg/g. The XPS analysis confirmed that the adsorption of Ce (Ⅲ) by GO-g-PAA belongs to cation exchange mechanism. In addition, The GO-g-PAA adsorbent exhibited high adsorption capacity of Ce(Ⅲ) (101.9 mg/g) at pH of 1, suggesting that GO-g-PAA could be used in some extreme conditions due to its high acidic resistance. Therefore, GO-g-PAA has a good application prospect in the removal of rare earth ions pollutants from wastewater.
  • Effect of Joule-stress current annealing on the giant magneto impedance effect of Co-based ribbons
    ZHANG Shuling , GAN Zhiying, LIU Huixian, GAO Lulu, DING Wenjie
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1154-1158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.022
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    The Co83.2Fe5.2Si8.8B2.8 amorphous ribbons were prepared and treated by Joule-stress current annealing. The giant magneto impedance, GMI effect and domain structure of these ribbons before and after annealing were analyzed and observed by impedance analyzer and magneto-optical Kerr effect microscope. The results show that the GMI effect is improved after Joule-stress current treatment. The maximum impedance ratio reaches 47.6% at 0.4 MHz, and the magnetic field response sensitivity is up to 280.2%/(kA/m) at 1 MHz after Joule annealing applied tensile stress of 24.5 MPa. The magnetic domain investigation shows that refined finger-like domains are gradually formed inside the transverse band-like domains in the annealed ribbons. What’s more, the transverse band-like domains are gradually deflected to the longitudinal direction induced by the application of tensile stresses. Joule-stress annealing can induce the formation of longitudinal fine domains inside transverse domains in the surface of Co-based ribbons with negative hysteresis coefficient, and the application of longitudinal tensile stress enhances the longitudinal anisotropy. Consequently, the longitudinally driven GMI effect and the sensitivity of magnetic field response at low frequency are greatly improved.
  • Phase stability, mechanical and thermal properties, and electronic structure of CoFeXSn (X = Ti, V, Cr) alloys with high spin polarization
    LI Getian, XIA Zhonghao, LIU Zhuhong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1159-1170. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.023
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    Co-based Heusler alloys have high Curie temperatures and high spin polarization ratio, showing potential application prospects in spintronics devices. This paper investigates the structural, magnetic, mechanical, dynamic stability and electronic properties of CoFeXSn (X = Ti, V, Cr) alloys by first-principles calculations. The results show that the CoFeXSn (X = Ti, V, Cr) alloys all crystallize in a LiMgPbSn-type structure and follow the preferential occupation rule. The magnetic coupling between Co-Ti/V and Co-Cr alloys are different, but both are consistent with Slater-Pauling behavior. The CoFeTiSn and CoFeVSn alloys are mechanically and dynamically stable, while the CoFeCrSn alloy has a significant imaginary frequency in the phonon dispersion curves. The electronic structure analysis shows that these alloys have energy gaps in one of the spin directions, indicating that these alloys have properties close to those of half-metal materials.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation and properties of calcium carbide slag modified solid waste glue powder
    LONG Zhenyu, YUAN Yi
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1171-1175. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.024
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    In this paper,modified cementitious powders with different doping amounts of calcium carbide slag (0,0.5 wt%,1.0 wt% and 1.5 wt%) were prepared with 32.5 grade ordinary portland cement, II grade fly ash and mirabilite as raw materials and industrial waste calcium carbide slag as additive materials.The effects of calcium carbide slag doping on the crystal structure, micro morphology, mechanical properties, setting time and combined water content of modified cementitious powder were analyzed.The results show that the doping of carbide slag doesn't produce new products, but accelerates the consumption of C2S and C3S and improves the rate of hydration reaction.When the doping amount of carbide slag is 1.0 wt%, the hydration products are most closely combined.With the increase of calcium carbide slag doping, the setting time of the modified cementitious powder gradually decreases, and the compressive strength and chemical binding water content at 28 d first increase and then decrease.When the doping amount of carbide slag is 1.0 wt%, the compressive strength and chemical binding water content at 28 d reach the maximum, which are 2.98 MPa and 6.8% respectively.This is because the addition of appropriate amount of calcium carbide slag accelerates the hydration reaction of cementitious powder,increases its structural compactness, and improves the mechanical properties of cementitious powder.It can be seen that the optimum doping amount of carbide slag is 1.0 wt%.
  • Preparation and electrochemical properties of Ti-doped tunnel cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries
    ZHUANG Xindie, QUAN Zuhao, ZHOU Pengfei
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1176-1180. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.025
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    Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) were widely used in 3 C electronic products and electric cars due to their high energy density and long cycle life. But the application of LIBs in scale energy storage was limited because of the low lithium resources distribution and higher prices. Recently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have gradually developed as a substitute for LIBs by virtue of its lower cost. Unfortunately, the large ionic radius of Na+ limits the practical application of SIBs so that explore the high-performance sodium storage electrode materials has become the focus of research. In this paper, Ti doped tunnel structure Na0.55MnxTi1-xO2 was prepared by sol-gel method as cathode material of SIBs, and its electrochemical performance and phase structure evolution during charge and discharge process were investigated. The experimental results show that appropriate doping of Ti is beneficial to reduce the change of lattice parameters and phase structure during Na+ insertion/extraction process. The Na0.55Mn0.9Ti0.1O2 material shows the best cycle stability and rate performance, and the specific capacity of the first cycle discharge is 89.5 mAh g-1 at 10 ℃ after 300 cycles, with the capacity retention of 91.4% indicating that the tunnel type Na0.55Mn0.9Ti0.1O2 has a good application prospect as the cathode material of SIBs.
  • Research on the fabrication of pH fluorescence nanoparticles based on silicon and their optical properties
    ZHANG Jing, LIU Xiujun, XUE Wenbo, WANG Shuaida
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1181-1185. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.026
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    The intramolecular movement of sodium fluorescein is limited by rigid inorganic materials, blocking non-radiative relaxation channels and allowing radioactive decay to fill in the ground state, which improves its luminescent properties. In this work, pH-responsive fluorescent nanoparticles were prepared by stber method. The results of infrared analysis showed that fluorescein sodium was combined effectively with silica. It was discussed that the response of pH value of solution was related with UV spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of fluorescent nanoparticles. When the pH value is at 1-3, the intensity of UV absorption at 430 nm is decreased gradually with the increase of pH value. While the pH value is 4-11, the intensity of UV absorption between 424 nm and 484 nm is improved slowly with the augmentation of pH value, and the linearity is good at 520 nm. The increment of fluorescence intensity is with the enhancing of pH between 4 and 9, demonstrating a good responsive relationship. The fluorescence spectra of the fluorescent nanoparticles in the buffer solution with pH value of 5 and 10 were tested for disturbance. The findings illustrates that the nanoparticles are almost no influence by ordinary ion and have good ability to resist disturbance.
  • Effect of carbonization temperature on the solar steam generation of carbon foam
    YUAN Jiaxiang, FANG Wei, CHEN Hui, WANG Daheng, DU Xing, HE Xuan, LI Weixin, ZHAO Lei
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1186-1193. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.027
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    A three-dimensional porous carbon foam absorber was prepared by surfactant foaming method. The relative content of organic matter/C for carbon foam was adjusted by varying the carbonization temperature. The relationship of organic matter/C, light absorption and thermal conductivity was studied to find an optimal equilibrium for comprehensively optimizing the solar steam evaporation performance. Results show that the carbonization temperature has a great effect on the relative content of organic matter/C and pore structure of carbon foam. With reducing relative content of organic matter/C, it demonstrates a significant improvement for light absorption, but also suffers a decrease of thermal insulation performance, which worsens the thermal management ability of solar evaporation system. When carbonized at 600 ℃, the carbon foam absorber can acquire a optimal equilibrium between light absorption and thermal management, which reveals the highest absorption rate (96.5%) and best solar steam evaporation performance (1.0391 kg/(m2·h)). The vapor evaporation rate is 2.08 times higher than that of pure water.
  • Study on proportioning design and rheological properties of acvr modified asphalt based on response surface method
    XIAO Qingyi, ZHAO Zhenchao, FAN Jin, GONG Fangyuan, LI Zhengzhong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1194-1201. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.028
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    In order to study the effect of activated sulfur compound rubber (acvr) composite modified asphalt, according to the response surface design principle, acvr composite modified asphalt under different conditions (activation degree, live sulfur rubber mixing ratio and rubber content) was prepared with activated rubber (AR) and vulcanized rubber powder (VR) as modifiers Taking the rotational viscosity as the response index, the best optimization scheme of acvr composite modified asphalt was deter mined, and the rheological properties of acvr composite modified asphalt were further discussed. The results show that the optimization scheme of acvr composite modified asphalt is as follows: activation degree 73.7%, live sulfur rubber ratio 1.6 and rubber content 40%. Under these conditions, the high-temperature rutting resistance and low-temperature deformation resistance of acvr composite modified asphalt have been greatly improved.
  • Magnetic properties enhancement mechanism for Sm2Co17-type permanent magnets with high Fe and low Zr content
    WANG Shuai, YONG Hui, HAN Ting, ZHOU Yawu, HU Jifan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1202-1207. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.029
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    The magnetic properties of Sm2Co17 sintered permanent magnets are closely related to its composition and microstructures. In this work, the (BH)max and Hcj were increased synchronously by adjusting the Fe and Zr content and optimizing the microstructures. The effects of microstructures on magnetic properties were studied by using PFM, EPMA and TEM. The results show that with the increase of Fe content from 15 wt% to 19wt% and Zr content from 3 wt% to 2.6 wt%, Br increases from 1.07 T to 1.13 T, (BH)max increases from 217.15 kJ/m3 to 241.19 kJ/m3, and the Hcj also increases from 2641.13 kA/m to 2 774.86 kA/m. By increasing Fe content and decreasing Zr content, the formation of Zr-rich phase in the magnets can be avoided, leading to the increased Br and (BH)max. When Fe content is 19wt% and Zr content is 2.6wt%, the magnet can obtain larger cell size and higher Cu concentration (26.9wt%) at cell boundaries, which is the main reason for the simultaneous increase of Hcj of the magnet.
  • Preparation of a novel MOF@wood composites and their dye adsorption and flame retardant properties
    ZHANG Xupeng, ZHU Gang, DENG Shuduan, LI Hui, ZHANG Chaoling, LI Kaiqian
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1208-1214. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.030
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    The practical application of metal-organic framework(MOF) crystals is commonly limited by their powder form. In this work, natural balsa wood was employed as substrate for dispersing and shaping MOF particles. A series novel MOF@wood (MOF=UiO-66,ZIF-8 and ZIF-67) composite were successfully fabricated by a facile in situ growth strategy. The microstructure, flame-retardant and methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption behavior of the obtained composite were investigated. The result indicated that the MOF microparticles with different grain sizes and morphologies were uniformly decorated on the lumen surface within the balsa wood scaffold,and MOF crystals maintained its crystallinity in the MOF@wood composite. The ZIF-8@wood composite displays highly removal efficiency up to 82.5%% for methylene blue and the adsorption capacity can reach 210.9 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption process fits well with a pseudo second-order model, which confirms that the interaction between MOF@wood and MB is mainly controlled by chemical processes.In addition, the incorporation of UiO-66 MOF has better effect on thermal stability at the early stage and char layer formatting of wood substrate than ZIFs.Compared with the untreated wood, the peak of heat release rate of the UiO-66@wood composite exhibited a drastic decline from 94.5 W/g to 36.5 W/g and the total heat release from 7.7 kJ/g to 5.4 kJ/g. Meanwhile, the char residue rate of the UiO-66@wood at 800 ℃ is significantly increased by 84.8%.This work offers a new avenues for designing and constructing functionalized MOF@wood composite that may boost their environmental-and green building-related applications.
  • Fabrication and properties of superhydrophobic myristic acid/TiO2 coating on brass surface via two-step method
    LYU Dan, YIN Huawei, CAO Yachao, LI Xinyue, HU Chuanbo
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1215-1223. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.031
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    A superhydrophobic myristic acid (MA)/TiO2 coating (E-MAT) was prepared through a two-step process of chemical etching and composite modification on a brass surface. The effect of etching time and etching temperature on the hydrophobic properties for brass (after etching and modification with myristic acid) was investigated in detail through contact angle measuring instrument. The results show that when the etching time is 55 min and the etching temperature is 30 ℃, the contact angle of up to 167.4° can be obtained on the brass substrate modified by MA/TiO2 composite solution. Then, the surface morphology and chemical composition of E-MAT coating were studied through SEM, CLSM, EDS, XRD and FTIR. The mechanical stability of E-MAT coating was evaluated through sandpaper abrasion and tape peeling tests, respectively. Furthermore, the prepared coating possesses excellent self-cleaning performance. The electrochemical corrosion test showed that the self-corrosion current density of E-MAT coating was reduced to 8.32 × 10-5 A/cm2, and its corrosion protection efficiency is up to 97.0%. It can be seen that the etching-modification combination method is simple to operate, which is conducive to the fabrication of large area superhydrophobic surfaces on metal-based substrates and has broad application prospects.
  • Preparation of Pt-N-TiO2 nanotube electrodes and their characterization
    WANG Liming, LI Mengyao, XU Ruofan, ZHANG Tian, ZHAO Ling, LIU Tingting, AO Dong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1224-1228. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.032
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    The Pt-N-TiO2 nanotube electrode was prepared by photochemical deposition and plasma method. SEM, EDS and XRD characterization showed that the diameter of TiO2 nanotubes was about 90 nm, and Pt nanoparticles were uniformly loaded into the nanotube orifice without changing the structure of TiO2 nanotubes. CV and EIS electrochemical performance analysis showed that Pt-N-TiO2 nanotubes had faster surface charge transfer and better electrical conductivity and oxidation performance. The photocatalytic performance of Pt-N-TiO2 nanotubes was analyzed by degrading the target dye methyl violet. The degradation rate of methyl violet in 60 min was 93.64%, and the degradation process was in accordance with the primary kinetic reaction model.
  • Effect of surface terminating groups on hydrogen production from water electrolysis with MXene materials
    ZHANG Mengling, LU Qingjie, LU Qiang, LIU Qingju
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(1): 1229-1236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.01.033
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    Hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is one of the ways to obtain green hydrogen energy and deal with the energy crisis. MXene materials have great application potential in improving the efficiency of hydrogen production from electrolytic water due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. In this paper, the research status of MXene materials in hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is introduced, the influence of surface terminating groups on the hydrogen production performance of MXene materials is summarized, and its development trend is prospected.
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