30 August 2022, Volume 53 Issue 8
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2021)
  • Fabrication and performance of Pt/graphene/C3N4 composites towards photocatalytic degradation of wastewater
    YU Pengfei, WANG Jian, LEI Ming
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8001-8008. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.001
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    Photocatalysis is considered as an ideal wastewater treatment technology because it can directly use solar energy, degrade almost all organic pollutants, reduce heavy metal ions and mild reaction conditions. On the basis of solvothermal synthesis of graphene/C3N4, noble metal Pt was loaded on the surface of C3N4 at lower temperature using water as the reducing agents, and Pt/graphene/C3N4 composite photocatalysts with 0D-2D-2D structure was obtained. The structure of Pt/graphene/C3N4 was analyzed by XRD, TEM, BET, XPS, Raman and PL technologies, and their photocatalytic performance for the degradation of RhB and the reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) under visible light irradiation were evaluated. The synergistic effect of Pt and graphene can not only promote the separation and transmission of the photogenerated charges and increase the specific surface area, but also maximize the utilization of Pt atoms and enhance its catalytic performance. Therefore, Pt/graphene/C3N4 composites showed excellent photocatalytic performance. Among all composites, Pt0.5/G3/C3N4 with the loading of 0.5wt% Pt and 3wt% graphene exhibited optimum photocatalytic performance. The degradation rate for RhB with an initial concentration of 40 μmol/L achieved 97% after 60 min reaction. The corresponding apparent first-order reaction rate was 0.0562 /min, which was 12.5 and 3.2 times higher than that of C3N4 and G3/C3N4. Meanwhile, Cr(Ⅵ) with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L can be reduced by 94% after 80 min reaction. The corresponding apparent first-order reaction rate was 0.0119 /min, which was 14.7 and 2.4 times higher than that of C3N4 and G3/C3N4.
  • Effect of three-dimensional carbon supported Ni doping on microstructure and superconducting properties of MgB2
    ZHAO Qian, QIN Baojun, PING Xuecheng, GONG Chuangchuang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8009-8016. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.002
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    Finding a satisfactory third component and obtaining high-performance MgB2 superconductor through simple chemical doping is of great significance to promote the practical process of MgB2. In this paper, three-dimensional carbon (3DC) and three-dimensional carbon supported nickel (3DC/Ni) powders were synthesized by salt template freeze-drying method, and MgB2 blocks containing these two additives were prepared by in-situ doping and solid-state sintering. The phase composition and micro morphology of 3DC doped MgB2 and 3DC/Ni doped MgB2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. At the same time, the effects of the two additives on the superconductivity of MgB2 were investigated combined with magnetic measurement system. The results show that 3DC can form effective carbon doping and improve the current carrying performance of MgB2 in high field. After doping 3DC/Ni, under the synergistic effect of Mg-Ni low temperature liquid phase assisted sintering and 3DC providing nucleation sites, the grain connectivity of MgB2 and the flux pinning ability of MgB2 are improved. In this paper, the Ni particles synthesized by freeze-drying method solve the problem of easy agglomeration of small-size doping in nano scale, but the critical current density (Jc) of 3DC/Ni doped MgB2 is not significantly improved because Ni is a magnetic particle. Looking for a more effective metal nanoparticles is the direction of attempt in the future.
  • Simulation analysis of influencing factors of snowmelt deicing on carbon fiber conductive asphalt pavement
    WANG Liming, WANG Yunlong, AO Cai
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8017-8023. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.003
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    In order to study the influence of different factors on the snow melting and ice melting of conductive asphalt pavement, this study prepared a conductive asphalt road model through the laboratory, measured the thermal physical parameters of the model, and established a simulation model using ANSYS to compare and analyze the indoor snow melting and ice melting test of the model. The finite element simulation of the temperature changes at various points of the pavement structure layer during the melting of snow and ice verifies the accuracy of the simulation model. The simulation model is used to study the effects of snowfall, ambient temperature, input voltage, and thermal conductivity of different pavement structures on the effect of snow melting and ice melting on conductive asphalt pavement. The results show that the amount of snowfall has a negative effect on the snow and ice melting effect. The ambient temperature has a positive effect on the snow and ice melting effect, and the efficiency of snow melting and ice melting is higher when the ambient temperature is higher than -5 ℃. The input voltage has a positive effect on the snow melting and ice melting effect. When the voltage is increased to 80 V, the snow-melting and ice-melting timeliness changes abruptly. Reducing the thermal conductivity of the upper layer and increasing the thermal conductivity of the lower layer has a better effect of melting snow and ice, while the thermal conductivity of the conductive layer has no significant effect on the effect of melting snow and ice.
  • Mechanism study of effect of solute rare earth Ce on mechanical properties of α-Fe
    LIU Xiangjun, YANG Changqiao, REN Huiping, YANG Jichun, JIN Zili
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8024-8030. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.004
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    In view of the current research status that the experimental methods to study the effect of solute rare earth on the mechanical properties of steel has not achieved satisfactory results, in this paper, a system research was carried out by means of simulation calculation, and first-principles calculation method based on density functional theory was used to reveal the solid solution mechanism of Ce atoms in α-Fe by solvation energy, geometric structure, electronic structure, and Bader charge. And the mechanical properties of Fe-Ce doped system were calculated in detail. The calculation results of the solvation energy show that Ce can occupy the α-Fe matrix by replacing Fe atoms. In Fe-Ce doped system, Ce atoms lose electrons, resulting in a reduction in the radius of Ce atoms and a polarization effect, which is conducive to the solid solution of Ce in Fe. The calculation results of the mechanical properties of pure Fe and Fe-Ce doped system show that Ce doping reduces the incompressibility, shear strain resistance, rigidity, and Vickers hardness of the system, but improves the toughness and workability of the system. Ce doping leads to a decrease in the strength of the metallic bond of the system, which is the main reason for the decrease in the incompressibility, rigidity and hardness of Fe-Ce doped system. On the other hand, the doping of Ce increases the density of the electron cloud in the system, which is conducive to the improvement of the toughness of the doped system.
  • Adsorption properties of Pb(Ⅱ) for graphene oxide reinforced ultra-high performance pervious concrete
    ZHANG Yubin, BAO Shihui, ZHANG Cong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8031-8035. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.005
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    The adsorption function of pervious concrete for heavy metal ions in water has received increasing attention, but the lack of its own mechanical properties and low adsorption efficiency are the main bottlenecks that limit its mechanical and environmental functions in a wider range of use scenarios. In this paper, GO ultra-high performance pervious concrete was prepared by introducing graphene oxide (GO), and its adsorption performance on divalent lead ions (Pb2+) in aqueous solution was investigated. It was found that GO ultra-high performance pervious concrete was able to have more than 95% removal rate of Pb2+ from the solution while ensuring excellent mechanical properties and permeability. The solution pH has a significant effect on the adsorption performance of GO ultra-high performance pervious concrete, and its adsorption effect is the best when pH=4. The adsorption of GO ultra-high performance pervious concrete was found to increase with the increase of Pb2+ concentration in the solution, but the adsorption rate showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing, and the adsorption rate reached the peak when the initial concentration of Pb2+ was 50 mg/L. The parameter fitting analysis revealed that the adsorption process of GO ultra-high performance pervious concrete on Pb2+ in solution was more consistent with the Freundlich model, and the Freundlich model could be used to describe the adsorption isotherm of GO ultra-high performance pervious concrete on Pb2+.
    • Review & Advance
  • Review on chloride ion transport behavior in concrete materials: the influence of aggregate
    ZHANG Gaozhan, WANG Yuxuan, YANG Jun, ZHANG Jian, KOU Bin, DING Qingjun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8036-8044. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.006
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    Chloride ion erosion is one of the main reasons for shortening the service life of concrete in marine and saline environment. Aggregate, as the largest raw material in concrete in volume proportion, is the main factor affecting the transport of chloride ion in concrete. In order to meet the demands of environmental protection and sustainable development, artificial lightweight aggregate and recycled aggregate have been widely used in concrete structures. Owing to the porous nature of lightweight aggregate and the complex interfacial transition zone of recycled aggregate, the chloride transport behavior in concrete prepared with these aggregates is obviously differ from those made with traditional aggregate. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the influence of aggregate on the transport behavior of chloride ions in concrete. This paper reviews the influence of aggregate on the chloride ion transport behavior, and summarizes the influence mechanisms of aggregate on the chloride ion transport t macro- and meso-scale. Finally, the existing problems in the current research were analyzed and the research prospects on chloride ion transport were presented.
  • Application of graphyne in electrochemical energy storage devices
    ZHAO Jinliang, HUANG Chengde
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8045-8053. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.007
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    As a new two-dimensional carbon material, grapheyne has π conjugated units, SP2 and SP hybrid carbon atoms and adjustable pore structure. It has stable structure, good conductivity and strong plasticity. Its structure can be adjusted by hybridization or modification. It has a good application prospect in the field of electrochemistry. This paper briefly introduced different types of graphyne and their structures, such as α-graphyne, β-graphyne, γ-graphyne and 6,6,12-graphyne, as well as graphdiyne. The synthesis strategies of graphyne and its derivatives are described, including wet and dry methods. There are in-situ synthesis methods of different types of graphyne and graphdiyne, and different structures are obtained through different synthesis or growth methods, such as nano films, nano sheets and nano chains. It also includes the preparation strategy of graphyne derivatives, which adjusts the structure by heteroatom doping or metal atom modification, such as nitrogen atom doping, platinum atom modification and so on. The advanced research results of graphyne and its derivatives in the field of energy are reviewed, including the research results of graphyne and its derivatives in lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen oxygen fuel cells, sodium ion batteries, supercapacitor and other electrochemical energy storage devices and materials. As the anode of lithium-ion battery, the coulomb efficiency and cycle performance of the battery are improved, and the stability of the battery is enhanced. It has good catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction and has the prospect of being used as a catalyst for hydrogen oxygen fuel cell. It also has good storage performance for sodium, calcium and magnesium, and has good potential in application with sodium ion batteries and multivalent ion batteries. It shows good cycle performance and specific capacity in supercapacitor. In addition, it also has good theoretical capacity in hydrogen storage. It has a good application prospect in a variety of electrochemical energy storage devices. Comprehensive analysis shows that graphyne, as a new allotrope of carbon, has good performance and optimization potential in structure and electrochemical properties. It has a good development prospect in electrochemical energy storage devices in the future.
  • Research progress of natural polysaccharide based drug hydrogel
    LUO Yanrong, LU Chunlan, YANG Dongxu, ZHANG Xiaolin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8054-8058. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.008
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    In recent years, hydrogels, a common polymer material, have been widely used in biomedicine, especially in tissue regeneration and drug delivery because of their unique three-dimensional structure, good biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxic properties. Hydrogel is a kind of cross-linked network material formed by swelling of hydrophilic polymers after water expansion. It has high water content, elasticity, softness, mechanical strength and porosity, and is suitable for loading drugs and cells. Polysaccharides are nontoxic, biocompatible, and exhibit many unique physicochemical properties. They are used in hydrogel drug delivery systems. Based on 5 kinds of common natural polymer materials, this paper introduces the research progress of polysaccharide hydrogels at home and abroad. The preparation methods, properties and clinical applications were reviewed, in order to provide a basis for future research on biomimetic hydrogels with complete performance and widely used in clinical treatment.
  • Research progress on microwave assisted preparation of TiO2 photocatalyst and application
    LI Lingbo, LIU Chenhui, MA Zhiyu, SHI Ying, DING Xu, LI Yalun, LI Yiyao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8059-8066. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.009
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    As a new and efficient heating preparation technology, microwave has been widely used in the field of material preparation due to its advantages of cleanness, high efficiency, low energy consumption, high yield and good selectivity. TiO2 has attracted great attention in the degradation of pollutants in the environment due to its high catalytic activity, non-toxicity and stable chemical and physical properties. The application of microwave heating technology in the preparation of TiO2 photocatalyst can reduce the heat treatment time, the cost, and effectively the agglomeration of TiO2 materials, resulting in more uniform products. In this paper, five preparation methods of TiO2 photocatalyst assisted by microwave in recent years, microwave hydrothermal method, microwave sol-gel method, microwave liquid phase deposition method, microwave drying method, and microwave microemulsion method were reviewed, and as well as its application in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The purpose is to provide reference for promoting the application and development of microwave heating technology in the field of TiO2 photocatalyst.
  • Research progress of Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte based on first-principles calculation
    TAO Mengqin, CAI Zhenfei, WU Huimin, MA Yangzhou, SONG Guangsheng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8067-8077. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.010
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    Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte has the characteristics of high ionic conductivity, good chemical stability to lithium metal anode and wide electrochemical window, and is regarded as one of the solid electrolytes with the most development and application prospects. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory start from quantum mechanics to calculate the electron and atomic behavior of individuals and populations at the electronic level. Combining first-principles calculations with Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte studies can predict and explain the properties and behavior of electrolyte materials at the atomic scale, while combining calculations with system models helps explain the complex experimental characterization of this battery system. This paper sums up the application of the first principles calculation in Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte and Li7La3Zr2O12 microstructure characteristics such as electronic structure and crystal structure, and analyzes physical and chemical properties such as the contact angle of anode and electrolyte of lithium, lithium ion migration and thermodynamic properties of electrolyte. Finally, first principles calculation in the future of the solid electrolyte research direction is discussed.
  • Research progress of biomass-derived carbon electrode materials for supercapacitors
    LIU Gaoshang, LIU Chengbao, CHEN Feng, QIAN Junchao, QIU Yongbin, MENG Xianrong, CHEN Zhigang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8078-8084. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.011
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    With the interconnection of all things realizing, the demand amount for green, sustainable and high stability energy storage materials is increasing. Biomass-derived carbon has attracted more attention due to its rich pore structure, large specific surface area, environmental friendliness and considerable economic value. In this paper, the structure and synthesis methods of biomass-derived carbon were introduced, and the research status of biomass-derived carbon electrode materials was summarized. The new development trend and new challenges of biomass-derived carbon electrode materials were put forward, which provided ideas for future rational design of biomass-derived carbon energy storage materials.
    • Research & Development
  • Study on fabrication and properties of porous copper powder with adjustable pore via vapor phase dealloying
    MA Ruolan, XIONG Dingbang, FAN Genlian, TAN Zhanqiu, LI Zhiqiang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8085-8091. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.012
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    Porous copper powder is ideally used for catalytic growth and chemical loading owing to unique pore structure and large specific surface area. However, limted to small size and high surface activity of the powder, few studies on the preparation of porous copper powder were reported. In this paper, porous copper powder was successfully prepared by vapor phase dealloying using ball-milled Cu-Zn alloy powder as precursor. The effects of dealloying temperature, dealloying time, initial alloy composition and ball-milling deformation on the properties of dealloyed powder were investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD and TEM. Results indicate that evolution of pore structure is a product of the competition among the dealloying driving force of Zn atom, the surface diffusion velocity of Cu atom and the body diffusion velocity of Cu atom. The coarsening process of surface pores is dominated by the surface diffusion of Cu atoms, which causes the shrinkage of pore structure. The dislocation introduced by ball milling reduces the diffusion activation energy of pore coarsening process by providing a fast diffusion channel and speeds up the process of dealloying. The maximum average surface porosity of the prepared porous powder is 17%, and the average pore size is 0.6-1.1 μm, which both can be controlled by adjusting process parameters.
  • Preparation of β-cyclodextrin modified biochar from Chinese parasol leaves and removal of Cd2+ from waste water
    WANG Zeya, GONG Xiangyi, REN Dajun, MENG dekang, WU Fengying
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8092-8098. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.013
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    To better adsorb cadmium ions (Cd2+), biochar from Chinese parasol leaves (BC) was modified by β-cyclodextrin loaded with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent, and β-BC was successfully prepared. Biochar and β-BC were characterized by specific surface area analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The effects of different factors such as adsorption time, dosage, adsorbent dosage and pH on adsorption performance were investigated. The results showed that the specific surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of modified biochar decreased slightly. The removal rate of Cd2+ by β-BC reached to 99.2%, 14% higher than that of BC, and reached the adsorption equilibrium faster. The adsorption of Cd2+ by BC satisfied the pseudo first-order kinetic equation model, and that of β-BC satisfied Elovich equation model. And the adsorption of Cd2+ by both BC and β- BC satisfied Freundlich isothermal adsorption model.
  • Magnetocaloric effect of Fe2-xCoxZr alloys
    ZONG Shuotong, ZHANG Yan, WANG Rui, XIE Dongyu, CHEN Fenghua, ZHANG Kewei, SUN Zhigang, HU Jifan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8099-8103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.014
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    Fe2-xCoxZr (x=0.8, 0.9, and 1.0) alloys were prepared and the magnetocaloric effect of those alloys were investigated. The phase structure of Fe2-xCoxZr (x=0.8, 0.9, and 1.0) alloys are cubic MgCu2 Laves structure with Fd-3mS space group determined by XRD. The lattice parameter decreases with the increase of the content of Co element by GSAS refining. The maximum of magnetic entropy changes calculated by the Maxwell function decrease with the increase of Co content. The Curie temperature of those alloys can be adjusted between 236 K and 320 K by changing the content of doping Co. The type of phase transition of Fe2-xCoxZr (x=0.8, 0.9 and 1.0) alloys are second order. The maximum magnetic entropy change is 0.27 J/kg/K for Fe1.2Co0.8Zr alloy. Fe2-xCoxZr (x=0.8, 0.9, and 1.0) alloys have the characteristic of adjustable Curie temperature and a large cooling range. And Fe2-xCoxZr-series are rare-earth-free refrigerants with great application potential.
  • Preparation and properties of active electrode materials LaCo1-xFexO3 for zinc-air batteries
    MA Rongze, ZHANG Qi, TANG Bin, YANG Jianxin, ZHANG Zhiwei, LI Rui, WANG Haiyan, WANG Hao, LI Shuangshou, LIN Wanming
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8104-8109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.015
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    LaCo1-xFexO3 prepared by sol-gel method were used as air electrode active materials of zinc-air battery. The structure, morphology and electrocatalytic properties of LaCo1-xFexO3 were studied by XRD, SEM and electrochemical tests. The results showed that when the Fe substitution 50%, the crystal structure of LaCo1-xFexO3 change from rhombohedral to cubic. The LaCo0.5Fe0.5O3 catalyst exhibited the maximum output current density of 4.92 mAcm2 at the potential of -0.7 V (vs. Hg/HgO) and the grain size was in the nanometer level. The electrocatalytic property of LaCo0.5Fe0.5O3 was evaluated as the air electrode catalyst for Zn-air battery. The discharge voltage was 1.2 V at the constant current of 1 mA. After 80 cycles, LaCo0.5Fe0.5O3 showed a lower charge-discharge gap of 0.85 V with a higher round-trip efficiency of 57.3%, which was better than that of LaCoO3 (0.95 V and 52.0%).
  • Impact resistance of fiber reinforced rubber mortar
    YAN Yan, KONG Yu, WANG Yingbing, BAI Yinghua
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8110-8115. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.016
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    PVA fiber is used to enhance the impact resistance of rubber mortar. The impact law of volume and length of PVA fiber on the impact performance of rubber mortar is studied by drop hammer test. The influence of PVA fiber on the mechanical strength of rubber mortar is investigated by compression and flexure tests. The test results show that the impact toughness of the specimens can be improved significantly. When 10% fine aggregate is replaced by rubber with equal volume, the 9 mm PVA fiber content of 0.10% has the best reinforcing effect. The compressive strength and flexural strength peak, and the impact toughness increases significantly.
  • Preparation and properties of nanocellulose/polyimide aerogels
    WANG Ziyang, YANG Xue, LIU Wei, LIU Lifang, MA Xiaofei, ZHANG Li
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8116-8121. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.017
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    Due to their excellent biocompatibility, renewability, degradability and high porosity, nanocellulose aerogels have broad application prospects in the field of building insulation. In order to better enhance the thermal insulation and mechanical properties of nanocellulose aerogels, a composite nanocellulose aerogel with regular pore structure was prepared by introducing polyimide. The structure and properties of the composite aerogels were fully characterized by SEM, thermal conductivity tester and infrared imager and other testing meters. The results showed that when the mass ratio of CNF:PI was 1:1, the structure and pore size of the composite aerogels were the smallest, and the diameter of the composite aerogels was 15-18 μm, the density is as low as 0.0413 g/cm3, the compressive strength is up to 0.33 MPa, and the thermal conductivity is as low as 0.03159 W/(m·K), showing the most excellent comprehensive performance.
  • Preparation of N-doped imperata cylindrica substance carbon and its supercapacitor properties
    CHEN Ke, SHEN Juan, ZENG Ting, TANG Mi
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8122-8127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.018
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    Biomass porous carbon with a wide range of raw material sources and green and eco-friendly has received extensive attention. In this manucript, the imperata cylindrica has successfully developed as a precursor of a new type of biomass porous carbon. With KOH as an activator and urea as a dopant nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials was formed by one-step pyrolysis and carbonization. And then we investigated the optimal doping ratio of urea. The prepared materials were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman and XPS. The electrochemical performance of the material was tested by the three-electrode system. The results showed that the prepared electrode material had the best performance when the mass ratio of 2:1. In 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte, when the current density is 1 A/g, the specific capacitance of the material is 304.1 F/g. After 5000 long cycles, the capacity retention rate is 96.24%.
  • Preparation and adsorption properties of a novel magnetic porous carbon
    CUI Yan, KANG Weiwei, HU Jifan, LIU Xuguang, MA Jiangwei, YONG Hui
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8128-8133. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.019
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    Magnetic porous carbon (MC) was prepared by solvothermal method, KOH activation and HNO3 acidification with ethanol as solvent, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene as carbon source and ferrocene as iron source, which was applied to the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in oils. The morphology and structure of MC were analyzed by characterization methods, such as SEM, BET, TG and FTIR. The results show that MC has rich pores and good surface activity, and the specific surface area reaches 1096.63 m2/g. MC shows excellent adsorption performance for DBT, and the saturated adsorption capacity is 130.31 mg/g. The adsorption process is a multi-layer, heterogeneous and endothermic physical adsorption process, which conforms to pseudo-first-order and Freundlich models. In addition, MC could easily realize rapid separation, recovery and reuse rely on magnetic field, which is a potential adsorbent material.
  • Effect of nano-ZnO particles on nitrification of SBR activated sludge and its mechanism
    SONG Yang, LIANG Hongbao, CHEN Zhongxi, MA Jun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8134-8139. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.020
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    Nano-ZnO particles were prepared by hydrothermal method with zinc acetate as zinc raw material. The lattice structure, microstructure and spectral properties of the samples were analyzed by XRD, SEM and FT-IR. The effect of nano-ZnO particles on nitrification of activated sludge was studied by sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The results showed that the synthesized nano-ZnO particles were standard wurtzite structure, with high crystallinity, good dispersion, granular shape and particle size between 25~45 nm. With the increase of the amount of nano-ZnO particles, the concentration of Zn2+ in SBR solution increased gradually. The morphological changed of activated sludge before and after adsorption of nano-ZnO particles showed that the surface of granular sludge was relatively smooth before adsorption, and there were many convex spots on the surface after adsorption. The nano-ZnO particles were unevenly distributed on the surface of sludge. With the increase of the amount of nano-ZnO particles, the nitrification inhibition of nitrous granular sludge increased gradually. When the addition amount of nano-ZnO particles was 50 mg/L, at 270 min, the minimum removal rate of NH+4-N by granular sludge was 52.35%, and the minimum generation amount of NO-2-N and NO-3-N were 98.5 and 11.9 mg/L, which decreased by 38.93% and 42.79% respectively compared with that without nano-ZnO particles.
  • Excellent low temperature C3H6-SCR denitrification performance with a non-noble Mn15Zr3La10/ZSM-5 catalyst
    TANG Tian, XU Junqiang, SHENG Xiaohong, ZHANG Yanrong, ZOU Xianlin, GUO Fang, ZHANG Qiang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8140-8146. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.021
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    Traditionally, C3H6-SCR exhibited poor catalytic activity at low temperature (≤300 ℃) due to the difficult activation of C3H6. Under the simulated lean burn condition of actual diesel engines, 100% NO conversion was obtained at 250 ℃ and more than 90% NO conversion were observed at 190 ℃~270 ℃ with the space velocity of 30 000/h on the Mn15Zr3La10/ZSM-5 catalyst prepared with co-impregnation method. The results showed that La doping significantly increased the pore diameter of the catalyst (3.20 nm→4.07 nm) and the dispersion of active species Mn, and further increased the sites of lewis on the surface of the catalyst). XPS results indicated that La doping resulted in more electron transfer from Mn4+ to Mn3+, and generated more lattice oxygen vacancies on the active species MnOx. All of this may be responsible for the excellent low temperature activity of Mn15Zr3La10/ZSM-5 catalyst. We expect this study to shed revealing the effect of rare earth metal La in low temperature C3H6-SCR, and contributing to the further synthesis of highly active non-noble metal low temperature C3H6-SCR catalysts.
  • Study on mechanical properties and microstructure of recycled aggregate-mixed powder concrete
    YU Yuan, HU Huimin, PEI Qiaoling, YANG Xiaoni, SONG Shaohua, YANG Pan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8147-8152. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.022
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    Focusing on the contradiction of difficulty to deal of large amount of construction waste and exhaustion of the sandstone and other natural resources, the recycled aggregate-composite micronized concrete (RAPC) was prepared by recycled aggregate (RA) and recycled mixed powder (RP) recovered from construction waste. The mineral composition and micro morphology of RP, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and pore characteristics of RAPC were analyzed. The results showed that the different effects on pore structure and mechanical property of RAPC were produced by RA and RP of different substitution rates. At the same RP substitution rate, the internal curing effect was played by 30% RA. The compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of RAPC reached the peak when the RA substitution rate was 30%. At the same RA substitution rate, the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of RAPC reached the maximum when the RP substitution rate was 15%, due to the secondary hydration reaction was played between the hydration product of RAPC and RP which had potential volcanic ash activity. The failure modes of RAPC with different RA and RP substitution rates were obviously different. The micro pore characteristics of RAPC were studied by mercury injection test (MIP), and the above test results were verified.
  • Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and corrosion resistance of CoCrCu0.5FeTi0.5Alx high-entropy alloy
    QIN Zhong, LI Xinmei, TIAN Zhigang, HUANG Yong, CHEN Ba
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8153-8158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.023
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    In order to study the effect of different annealing temperatures on the properties of CoCrCu0.5FeTi0.5Alx high entropy alloy, CoCrCu0.5FeTi0.5Alx (x=0, 0.4, 0.8) high entropy alloy was melted by vacuum arc and annealed at 600 , 800 and 1 000 ℃ in a vacuum tube furnace. XRD was used to test the crystal structure of the alloy, SEM was used to observe the microstructure of the alloy, Vickers microhardness tester and electrochemical workstation were used to test the microhardness and corrosion resistance of the high entropy alloy. The results show that new Laves phases appear in the high entropy alloy after annealing, and the alloy phases are mainly composed of FCC, BCC and Laves phases. In CoCrCu0.5FeTi0.5Alx (x=0, 0.4, 0.8) high entropy alloy, the hardness of x=0.4 reaches the maximum 883.15 HV at 600 ℃ annealing. The corrosion resistance of CoCrCu0.5FeTi0.5Al0.4 annealed at 1 000 ℃ is the best, and the corrosion voltage and current density are -0.396 V and 6.800×10-7 mA/mm2, respectively.
  • Preparation of graphene oxide modified concrete and research on mechanical properties and freezing resistance
    LIU Wenjuan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8159-8164. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.024
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    Graphene oxide is often used in cement-based materials due to its high strength, toughness and strong surface activity, which can not only improve mechanical properties, but also improve durability. By doping graphene oxide into concrete, modified concrete with different content of graphene oxide (0, 0.03 wt%, 0.06 wt% and 0.09 wt%) was prepared. The effects of graphene oxide content on the crystal structure, micro morphology, mechanical properties and frost resistance of modified concrete were studied. The results show that an appropriate amount of graphene oxide doping accelerates the hydration reaction of modified concrete, refines the pore structure and improves the compactness. With the increase of graphene oxide doping, the compressive strength, flexural strength and relative elastic modulus of modified concrete first increase and then decrease. When the doping amount of graphene oxide is 0.06 wt%, the compressive strength, flexural strength and relative elastic modulus of 28 d reach the maximum, which are 43.05, 5.58 MPa and 94.19%, respectively. The mechanical properties and frost resistance of modified concrete are the best.
  • Synthesis and electrochemical performance of lithium single-ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrances
    CHEN Xinxin, ZOU Haifeng, CHEN Zhuo, CHENG Hu
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8165-8169. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.025
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    Single-ion conductor lithium poly (4-styrenesulfonyl (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide) (LiPSTFSI) was synthesized through a series of reactions using sodium 4-styrenesulfonate as raw material. Then it was blended with PEO according to different EO/Li+ to synthesize single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte membrane. The results show that PEO/LiPSTFSI electrolyte membrane has good thermal stability at 270 ℃. At 60 ℃, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte membrane (EO/Li+=16) is 1.94 ×10 -5 S/ cm, and the Li+ transference number is more than 0.85, which is close to the lithium single ion conductor. At the same time, the electrolyte membrane showed good electrochemical stability and interface performance.
  • Preparation and luminescent properties of rare earth ion doped molybdate phosphors
    ZHANG Chaoguang, DANG Kuaile, LI Huajian
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8170-8175. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.026
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    Rare earth ion doped upconversion luminescent materials have been widely used in lighting and solar cell industries in recent years. NaGd(MO4)2 phosphors doped with Ho3+/Yb3+ were prepared by hydrothermal method. NaGd(MO4)2 phosphors were characterized by XRD, SEM and spectral analysis. The effect of Ho3+/Yb3+ doping on the luminescence properties of molybdate phosphors was studied. The analysis of morphology and structure shows that the NaGd(MO4)2 phosphors doped with Ho3+/Yb3+ have pure tetragonal phase structure, and the particle size is about 0.4~0.9 μm. The doping of Ho3+/Yb3+ makes the cell parameters of NaGd(MO4)2 phosphor smaller. The spectral analysis shows that the green light at 546 nm in NaGd(MO4)2 phosphor is the photons released from the Ho3+ transition from the 5F4 energy level back to the 5I8 energy level, and the red light at 659 nm is the photons released from the 5F5 energy level back to the 5I8 energy level. With the increase of Ho3+ doping content, the red emission intensity at 659 nm increases. When n(Ho3+):n(Yb3+)=2.0:5.0, the red emission peak intensity of NaGd(MO4)2 phosphor is the highest, and when the doping ratio of Ho3+ increases, the CIE color coordinates of the samples gradually move from the green region to the red region. The analysis of the upconversion transition mechanism of sample shows that the blue light of 546 nm and the red light of 659 nm of Ho3+/Yb3+ doped NaGd(MO4)2 phosphor are two-photon processes.
  • Synthesis and long afterglow luminescent properties of MgGa2O4:Mn2+ green phosphors
    CAI Pengbo, MENG Wei, ZHANG Hongwu, ZHENG Shenghui, FU Xiaoyan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8176-8179. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.027
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    The long afterglow green phosphors MgGa2O4:xMn2+ (x=0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%) series were synthesized by high temperature solid-state method in this paper. The long afterglow luminescent properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), luminescent spectrum and thermoluminescent spectrum. The luminescent spectra consisted of the characteristic emission peak of Mn2+ at 509 nm, corresponding to the 4T1 (4G) →6A1 (6S) electronic transition of Mn2+ ion and the optimal doping concentration was x=3%. The afterglow spectra of the samples were similar to the emission spectra, which were also located at 509 nm and can be ascribed to 4T1 (4G) →6A1 (6S) electronic transition of Mn2+. At the same time, with the increase of doping concentration, the afterglow intensity first increased and then decreased and the doping concentration of 1% had the best afterglow performance. Furthermore, the green afterglow luminescence of the samples could persist for more than 1 h. And the thermoluminescence spectrum consisted of a wide peak at near 342 K, which was very suit to produce excellent long afterglow.
  • Preparation and properties of cement-based grouting materials modified by carbon nanotubes
    WEI Jing
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8180-8185. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.028
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    Carbon nanotubes have large specific surface area and excellent mechanical properties. They are excellent fillers for cement-based grouting materials. Using ordinary Portland cement P.O 42.5 as matrix material and multi wall carbon nanotubes as filler, modified cement-based grouting materials with different carbon nanotube doping contents (0, 0.3wt%, 0.6wt% and 0.9wt%) were prepared. The crystal structure, micro morphology, mechanical properties and carbonation properties of the grouting materials were studied. The results showed that the addition of carbon nanotubes accelerated the hydration reaction, but no new substances were produced. The carbon nanotubes were evenly distributed between the cement matrix in the shape of short rod and long rod, forming a "bridging effect", which improved the bonding force between the cement matrix and improved the strength and toughness of the grouting material. With the increase of carbon nanotube doping, the compressive strength and flexural strength of grouting materials increased first and then decreased slightly, while the carbonation depth decreased first and then increased. When the doping amount of carbon nanotubes was 0.6wt%, the compressive strength of grouting materials reached the maximum of 89.95 and 97.42 MPa at 7 and 28 d, the flexural strength also reached the maximum of 10.92 and 15.82 MPa, and the carbonation depth reached the minimum of 14.54 and 26.47 mm. Comprehensive analysis showed that the optimal doping amount of carbon nanotubes was 0.6wt%.
    • Process & Technology
  • Synthesis and characterization of pH responsive tea polyphenols/mesoporous zinc oxide nano-complex with antioxidant and antibacterial activity
    GONG Xuefeng, QIU Xiaolin, ZHAO Ye, WANG Jie
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8186-8195. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.029
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    In the present study, an antioxidant and antibacterial nano-complex with pH-sensitive controlled release effect was successfully prepared and achieved the pH-responsive release of tea polyphenols. Mesoporous zinc oxide nanoparticles were first prepared by using polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether block copolymer (Poloxamer 188) and sucrose as double-templates, and characterized by different techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption and desorption (BET analysis), transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. Then the mesoporous zinc oxide nanoparticles with well-defined properties were selected as a nano-carrier. Tea polyphenols were loaded on the carrier to prepared antioxidant and antibacterial activity nano-complex. The properties of the nano-complex were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), controlled release test and antioxidant and antibacterial test. The observed results declared that the specific surface area and pore structure of mesoporous nano-zinc oxide carrier prepared with zinc nitrate as zinc source are superior to that of zinc acetate as zinc source. The specific surface area of the product prepared with zinc nitrate was 80.614 m2/g, the average pore diameter was 7.426 nm, and the pore volume was 0.424 cm3/g. The loading content of tea polyphenols in the nano-complex could reach 74.46%-76.28%, and it had significant pH controlled release effect. Weak acid condition could significantly improve the release rate and ratio of tea polyphenols in the nano-complex. The nano-complex achieved maximum release rate and ratio under the condition of pH=5.5, with maximum equilibrium release rate of 90%. The nano-complex could delay scavenging of DPPH free radicals at low concentrations, while it had a better scavenging effect than tea polyphenols at high concentration. The results of inhibition zone test and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test also proved that the mesoporous zinc oxide nano-carrier and nano-complex both had obvious antibacterial activity against to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The nano-complex has great application potential in intelligent antioxidant and antibacterial packaging.
  • Preparation of high slump-preserving polycarboxylate water reducer and analysis of its influence on concrete properties
    SHI Huizhou, WANG Hui
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8196-8201. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.030
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    High slump retaining polycarboxylic acid water reducer was synthesized by free radical copolymerization in aqueous solution with methyl allyl polyethylene glycol ether (TPEG-2400) and acrylic acid (AA) as monomers, ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and sodium methacrylate sulfonate (MAS) as chain transfer agent, and the optimum synthesis process and its influence on the application performance of concrete were explored. The results showed that the initial and 1 h fluidity of cement paste increased first and then decreased with the increase of acid ether ratio, the amount of chain transfer agent MAS, the amount of initiator APS, temperature and dropping time. When n (AA):n (TPEG) = 4:1, the amount of MAS was 3% of the total mass of AA and TPEG, the amount of initiator APS was 3% of the total mass of AA and TPEG, the reaction temperature was 60 ℃, the dropping time was 1.5 h, the initial and 1 h fluidity of cement paste reached the maximum, and the synthesized high slump retaining polycarboxylic acid water reducer had the best performance. The polycarboxylic acid water reducer synthesized under this condition had better dispersibility, slump resistance and compressive strength than TPEG water reducer and HPEG water reducer.
  • Effect of Mn content on electrochemical properties of Al-Zn-Sn-Ga-Mn aluminum alloy anode
    GAO Sirui, YANG Binglin, JIA Zhiming, WANG Yueying, HE Lizi
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8202-8207. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.031
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    In order to improve the electrochemical properties of aluminum alloys based on industrial aluminum in metal-air batteries, the effects of different contents of Mn elements and different concentrations of electrolytes on the electrochemical properties of Al-Zn-Sn-Ga alloys were investigated. Open circuit potential, polarization curves and galvanostatic discharge properties of alloys with different Mn contents in different concentrations of KOH electrolyte were tested. The results show that Mn element can significantly improve the performance of aluminum alloy anode. When the added Mn content is 0.2 wt%, the hydrogen evolution corrosion of the alloy is the slowest, the electrochemical performance is the best, and the alloy has the best comprehensive performance. When the concentration is 6 mol/L, the electrochemical performance of the aluminum alloy anode is obviously better than 4 mol/L, and the anode utilization rate is almost the same, indicating that the suitable electrolyte concentration of the aluminum alloy anode with this composition is 6 mol/L KOH.
  • Effect of thermal infiltration temperature on properties and structure of surface Al-alloyed Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets
    LIU Na, JU Jinyun, CHEN Renjie, YAN Aru, LIU Xiang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8208-8213. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.032
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    The surface protection of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets and the optimization of high-temperature magnetic properties are realized by the thermal infiltration Al process. By thermally infiltrating Al on the surface of the Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet, a dense Al alloy layer that is metallurgically combined with the matrix is formed on the surface of the magnet. Under the protection of the Al alloy layer, the corrosion resistance of the surface thermally infiltrated Al magnet is significantly improved and the magnetic properties are kept well. After 168 h of high-pressure accelerated aging test, the weight gain per unit surface area (3.40 mg/cm2) of the Al-700 magnet is much lower than that of the matrix (14.28 mg/cm2). The polarization curve of the surface thermally infiltrated Al magnet was tested by electrochemical workstation, and its corrosion current density value was significantly lower than that of the substrate. Microstructure analysis showed that the thickness of Al alloying layer increased with the increase of thermal infiltration temperature. At the thermal infiltration temperature of 700 ℃, a uniform and continuous Al-rich phase is formed in the grain boundaries, thus obtaining excellent comprehensive properties. According to XRD phase analysis, with the increase of temperature, Al, Fe and Nd atoms diffused more violently in the alloy layer during thermal infiltration, and Al-Fe phase and Nd-(Al, Fe) phase were successively formed on the magnet surface. In general, this study provides a new idea for improving the corrosion resistance and cost-effectiveness of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets.
  • Optimization of response surface methodology for the synthesis NaP type zeolite from cinder
    TENG Liumei, ZHANG Qiang, WU Jie, MA Jiankun, BU Yifan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8214-8220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.033
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    In this paper, NaP type zeolite was synthesized by hydrothermal method with solid waste-cinder of coal-fired power plant as raw material. Using the Box-Behnken Design optimization experimental design, the influence of hydrothermal reaction time, alkali solution concentration and reaction temperature on the synthetic zeolites was investigated. The regression equation between response value and influencing factors was established. The interaction influence of various factors was explored and the optimal conditions were determined. The results showed that the order of significant influence on synthetic zeolite was as following: reaction temperature> reaction time> alkali solution concentration. Zeolites synthesized at 130 ℃, CNaOH=1.5 mol/L and different reaction times were characterized by XRD, SEM and BET. It was found that the synthesized NaP zeolite had porous structure and large specific surface area, which can be used as catalyst supporter and adsorption fields.
  • Preparation and properties of nano-SiO2 reinforced polyurethane grouting material
    SHI Li
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8221-8225. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.034
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    Polyurethane grouting materials with different doping amounts of nano-SiO2 were prepared by prepolymer method with toluene diisocyanate and hydrophilic polyether as raw materials and nano-SiO2 as modified filler. The effects of nano-SiO2 content on the morphology, gelation time, foaming rate and compressive strength of polyurethane grouting materials were studied. The results showed that the hydroxyl group on the surface of nano-SiO2 reacted with NCO group to form bond, which reduced the intensity of NCO group absorption peak. The doping of nano-SiO2 improved the integrity of polyurethane grouting material, and the pore size distribution became uniform. With the increase of SiO2 content, the viscosity, foaming rate and compressive strength of polyurethane grouting materials increased first and then decreased, and the gel time and water retention time decreased first and then increased, while the solid content increased continuously. When the doping amount of nano-SiO2 was 0.6wt%, the viscosity, foaming rate and compressive strength reached the maximum value of 145.2 mPa·s, 164.3% and 0.118 MPa respectively, and the gel time and water retention time reached the shortest,115 and 127 s respectively. It can be seen that the polyurethane grouting material doped with 0.6 wt% nano-SiO2 had the best performance, and great application potential in anti-seepage and leakage stopping, filling pores and improving the overall energy of buildings.
  • Preparation of hydrogel by crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol with triethanolamine borate
    YU Yuncai, ZHANG Yi, LIN Ling, ZHU Xuejun, WANG Jun, DENG Jun, LIAO Ni, HU Shunzhong, ZHANG Weilin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8226-8230. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.035
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    Herein, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels were prepared by cross-linking reaction of triethanolamine borate and PVA. The structure and morphology of PVA hydrogels were characterized by FTIR and SEM. The results showed that PVA hydrogel had strong hydrogen bonding effect, and some triethanolamine was grafted onto PVA. The swelling ratio of PVA hdrogel was close to 700%, when the 10 wt% PVA aqueous solution was cross-linked by triethanolamine borate. The macropores and interpores of PVA hydrogel interweaved each other, forming complex irregular holes and passages. The PVA hydrogel had the highest pigment treatment efficiency of 91% and the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+ was 10.2 mg/g. The adsorption process of PVA hydrogel belonged to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model.
  • Preparation and properties of chopped PAN-based carbon fiber cement-based composites
    LIU Qiong, LIU Keyuan, YU Xiaoqi, WEI Jing
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(8): 8231-8236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.08.036
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    Chopped PAN-based carbon fiber cement-based composites with uniform dispersion were prepared based on Portland cement P.O 42.5 and chopped PAN-based carbon fiber as the reinforcing phase. The phase structure,micro morphology,mechanical properties,wear resistance and carbonization resistance of chopped PAN-based carbon fiber cement-based composites with different doping contents (0, 0.3 wt%, 0.6 wt% and 0.9 wt%) were studied. The results showed that the doping of chopped PAN-based carbon fibers accelerates the hydration reaction and does not produce new hydration products. The carbon fibers were scattered in three dimensions in the cement-based composites to form a grid structure, which improved the bonding strength between hydration products and the compactness of cement-based composites, so as to improve the mechanical properties,wear resistance and carbonization resistance. With the increase of the doping amount of chopped PAN-based carbon fiber,the compressive strength and flexural strength of cement-based composites at 7 and 28 d showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing,while the mass loss rate and carbonation depth showed the trend of first decreasing and then increasing. When the doping content of chopped PAN-based carbon fiber was 0.6 wt%,the mass loss rate reached the minimum value of 0.34%. After curing for 7 and 28 d,the compressive strength reached the maximum values of 69.3 and 86.4 MPa,the flexural strength reached the maximum values of 11.1 and 14.1 MPa,and the carbonation depth reached the minimum values of 0.35 and 2.53 mm. Comprehensive analysis shows that the optimum doping amount of chopped PAN-based carbon fiber is 0.6 wt%.
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