Jorunal of Functional Materials

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Leaching of V and W fromspent SCR catalyst - Effect of agitation on leaching rates

CHEN Yang, JIN Ke, CHEN Jiayu, ZHAO Changduo, XIA Qibin

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3001-3006.

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It is of great economic and social benefits for the recovery and reuse of valuable metals in waste SCR denitrification catalysts. In this paper, the vanadium and tungsten ions in waste denitrification catalyst were leached by NaOH and the factors affecting the leaching rates were investigated. Results showed that increasing the leaching temperature and NaOH concentration were beneficial to the leaching of vanadium and tungsten. The leaching rates of vanadium and tungsten could reach 100% under the condition of liquid-solid ratio of 3.5∶1, leaching temperature of 160 ℃, NaOH concentration of 40%, and the leaching time of 3.5 h. The process of tungsten ion leaching was controlled by solid membrane diffusion. Under agitation condition(350 r/min), the apparent activation energy of tungsten leaching was 29.28 kJ/mol, while without agitation, the apparent activation energy was only 1.26 kJ/mol. Agitation could increase the diffusion rate, reduce the diffusion resistance, and enhance the leaching rates vanadium and tungsten.

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Effect of TXC/CMC composite flocculant on sludge CST

WANG Sen, LAI Fan, XIAO Xueli, CHENG Saige, WANG Meilin

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3007-3012.

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A new type of TXC/CMC composite flocculant was prepared from inorganic flocculant titanium gel(TXC) and carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC), and characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The results showed that chitosan had been successfully carboxylated, TXC had been successfully added into the composite flocculant. Taking the change of CST as the detection index, the composite ratio of TXC and CMC, and the influence of the pH, reaction temperature and flocculant dosage of TXC, CMC and TXC/CMC composite flocculant on the dewatering performance of residual sludge treated with centrifugal treatment were investigated. When the composite ratio of TXC and CMC is 5∶1, the composite flocculant has the best effect on residual sludge conditioning, and its CST is the smallest. The effect of the compound flocculant on CST was negatively correlated with the reaction temperature, but decreased first and then increased with the increase of initial pH and dosage. When the initial pH value of sludge was 7, the dosage of compound flocculant was 30 mg/g, and the reaction temperature was 35 ℃, the sludge conditioning effect was the best, CST was 9.7 s, a decrease of 54%.

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Experimental study on phase change characteristics of liquid/microcapsule composite system

LI Zidong, YANG Liang, LIU Daoping, XUE Jiuming

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3013-3018.

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Microcapsule phase change materials have become an important research hotspot in the field of phase change energy storage due to their environmental protection and economic advantages, but their thermal conductivity is too low, which seriously limits the promotion and application of phase change microcapsule materials. In this paper, the gap of microcapsules was filled with absolute ethanol and distilled water respectively to obtain a composite phase change system. The phase transition characteristics of microcapsules were studied when the volume fraction of absolute ethanol and distilled water were 20.0%, 40.0% and 60.0%, respectively. The experimental results show that the phase transition rate of the two liquid-filled composite systems is significantly improved compared with the blank system. The phase transition rate of the anhydrous ethanol/microcapsule composite system is increased by 87.5%-266.7%, and the distilled water/microcapsule composite system is increased by 125.0%-368.8%. The strengthening effect of distilled water on microcapsule materials is better than that of absolute ethanol, and the phase transition rate of both composite systems increases with the increase of volume fraction of filled liquid.

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Effect of ntumescent flame retardants on mechanical properties and flame-retarded properties of vulcanized natural rubber latex

LIAO Xiaoxue, WANG Lizhi, LIAO Shuangquan, ZHAO Yanfang, Huang Shaoqi, XIE Yan

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3019-3025.

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The intumescent flame retardant system(IFR) was composed of ammonium polyphosphate(APP), pentaerythritol(PER) and melamine(MEL) to examine the ratio and the amount of flame retardant on the mechanical properties and flame retardant properties of vulcanized natural rubber latex. The thermal stability was analyzed by thermo gravimetric analyzer and the dispersing effect of flame retardant in latex was investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that the vulcanized latex film added PER and MEL had good mechanical properties but poor flame-resistance properties while the vulcanized latex film added APP and IFR had good flame-resistance properties but poor mechanical properties. SEM showed that APP had poor compatibility with the rubber. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the modified NR vulcanized latex film had better flame retardant properties than non-modified NR vulcanized latex film. The flame retardant effect of IFR-modified vulcanized latex film was the best.

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ZnS nanoparticles modified FeWO₄ nanorods to enhance visible light photocatalytic activity

LIU Chang, DING Bo, YE Ruixue, Lyu Huihong

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3026-3030.

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ZnS nanoparticles modified FeWO₄ heterostructure photocatalyst were fabricated by a two step hydrothermoal assisted microemulsion. TEM and EDS showed that the ZnS nanoparticles highly distributed onto the surface of FeWO₄ nanorods. The composite photocatalysts with different mass ratio of ZnS and FeWO₄ were synthesis according to adjusting the dosage of FeWO₄. The heterostructure photocatalyst samples exhibited higher photocatalytic activity for MB dye degradation compared with the pure ZnS nanoparticles and FeWO₄ nanorods under visible light radiation. Furthermore, the 0.2-ZnS/FeWO₄ sample showed 93% degradation efficiency in 4 h. The improved photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the lower recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and the efficient transfer of their corresponding carriers in the heterojunction area, which leading to a higher quantum efficiency.

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Research history and problems of La(Ce)Br₃ scintillating crystal

LILei, WU Yuntao, REN Guohao

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3031-3037.

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In the past 20 years, the study of inorganic scintillation crystals, especially halide scintillation crystals, has made a great progress. During this period, a train of new halide scintillation crystals with high light output, good energy resolution and short decay time have been discovered. In this paper, the research status of La(Ce)Br₃ crystals was introduced, and the crystal structure, luminescence mechanism, scintillation properties and recent research progress were systematically summarized. At the same time, the urgent problems, development direction and potential application prospects in the research of La(Ce) Br₃ crystals were pointed out.

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Development and application of orthopaedic medical materials by selective electron beam melting processes

YANG Kun, TANG Huiping, LI Yuanyuan

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3038-3046.

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From the perspective of materials research, in this article, the latest developments in equipment and technology of selective electron beam melting process(SEBM), and the published data on the mechanical properties of orthopaedic medical materials were reviewed. The technical barriers of current orthopaedic medical materials fabricated by SEBM technology alloys were mainly analyzed in detail. Suggestions for further development on biomaterials 3D printing industry were also given at the end of the paper.

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Research progress on synthesis and modification of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ as Li-ion battery anode

WANG Ming, HUANG Juntao, REN Yahang, LIANG Meng, CHENG Lili, SHEN Ding

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3047-3055.

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Lithium titanate(Li₄Ti₅O₁₂) is a “zero strain” material that does not form lithium dendrites during charging and discharging, eliminating the potential safety hazard of overcharging. In this paper, the preparation method and structural modification of lithium titanate were systematically introduced. In the synthesis of lithium titanate, the solid phase method is easier and the production efficiency is high, which is more suitable for mass production in industry. The sol-gel method is more complicated, but the obtained lithium titanate material has higher purity and crystallinity. In the modification of lithium titanate materials, nanocrystallization, spheroidization and porosity are increasing the specific capacity of materials by increasing the surface area of materials. Metal/ion doping modification is mainly to improve the conductivity of the material. Different metallic ions have different effects on the specific capacity of the material. The surface composite modification of materials is a comprehensive modification method, which is a modification method to improve the conductivity of materials while improving the specific capacity of materials.

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Preparation and properties of conductive silicone rubber foams

JIA Yalan, ZHANG Wenhuan, LIU Tao, LUO Shikai

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3056-3065.

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Carbon-based conductive fillers(CB, CNT) were added to the silicone rubber matrix, and CB/silicone rubber, CNT/silicone rubber and CB/CNT/silicone rubber foams were prepared by supercritical CO₂ foaming technology. The rheological behavior of the compound and the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the composite materials were studied. The results show that both CB and CNT could hinder the initial crosslinking of the silicone rubber composite. The conductive path was easier to form in the CB/CNT/silicone rubber compound system. When the total content of CB/CNT(1∶1) was 8 wt%, the conductivity of the silicone rubber composite could reach 10^-5 S/cm. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness(EI) was 14~26 dB. After foaming, both of the electrical conductivity and the EI value of the silicone rubber composites decreased.

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Preparation of Ti₁Li₃Al₄-LDHs@OBAC composite and photocatalytic activity for water reduction of CO₂

LEI Dongqiang, ZHOU Anning, ZHAO Xiaoling, LI Ruiqi, LI Gaofeng, LI Wenying

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3066-3074.

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Ti₁Li₃Al₄-LDHs@OBAC composites were prepared by the urea hydrothermal co-precipitation method using oxidized coconut activated carbon(OBAC) as carrier. The structure and photocatalytic properties of the composites were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis DRS and fixed-bed cycle photocatalytic evaluation systems. The effect of oxidatively modified OBAC structure on the structure and photocatalytic properties of Ti₁Li₃Al₄-LDHs@OBAC was investigated. The results show that Ti₁Li₃Al₄-LDHs@OBAC_6%HNO₃ exhibited highest photocatalytic activity due to chemical linkage between the interface and the high crystallinity and spread of Ti₁Li₃Al₄-LDHs on the surface of OBAC. The photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to CO and CH₄ yields was up to 78.47 μmol/g_cat and 5.92 μmol/g_cat. Compared with Ti₁Li₃Al₄-LDHs, the efficiency increased by 35% and 18.9%, respectively.

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Influence of Fe doping on microstructure and magnetic properties of YCrO₃

SU Yuling, GUO Jinjin, SHI Chenfei, GONG Gaoshang, CHENG Xuerui, WANG Yongqiang, LI Zijiong

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3075-3081.

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YCr_0.6Fe_0.4O₃ sample was synthesized by sol-gel method and the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe³⁺ doped YCrO₃ sample were investigated systematically. The XRD patterns showed that the sample presented good single-phase orthogonal structure with space group Pnma. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and Raman spectra results showed the vibration modes of YCr_0.6Fe_0.4O₃ shifted to low wave-number in comparison with YCrO₃, owing to the increase of Y/Cr-O band lengths and lattice distortion resulting from the substitution of Fe³⁺. M-T curves indicated that the antiferromagnetic phase transition occurred at T_N=183 K. With the decrease of temperature, the magnetization increased and a wide peak appeared at 128 K. Further cooling, the magnetization reached to minimum value 0.08 emu/g at 85 K and then increased gradually. The phenomenon was ascribed to the coexisting Cr³⁺-O^2--Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺-O^2--Fe³⁺ antiferromagnetic order and Fe³⁺-O^2--Cr³⁺ ferromagnetic interaction as well as the magnetization reversal caused by the Fe/Cr-rich cluster in Fe³⁺ doped YCrO₃ system. Below 80 K, the magnetic step effect was observed in M-H curves. Meanwhile, the sample also exhibited an typical exchange bias effect at T=50 K in field cooling condition and hysteresis loops were coincident basically with increasing fields, suggesting the pinning effect of the antiferromagnetic phase to the ferromagnetic phase in the investigated YCr_0.6Fe_0.4O₃ sample.

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Preparation and properties of composite phase change cold storage materials

QIU Qingling

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3082-3088.

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Using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) as dispersant, multi-layer graphene, titanium dioxide/graphene(m(titanium dioxide): m(graphene) = 25:75) and titanium dioxide particles as thermal conductive additives, the composite phase change cold storage materials were prepared by adding binary composite organic refrigeration storage materials(m(nonylic acid):m(sunflower alcohol)=60:40). By means of absorbance, DSC and thermal conductivity test, the stability, phase transition temperature, latent heat and thermal conductivity of the composite phase change material were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that the addition of dispersants and thermal conductive additives had little effect on the phase transition temperature and latent heat of cold storage materials, but had great influence on the thermal conductivity. When the concentration of dispersant SDBS was 0.2 g/L and the concentration of thermal conductive additives(titanium dioxide/graphene and titanium dioxide particles, respectively) was 0.5 g/L, the composite phase change cold storage materials had better stability. Their thermal conductivity was 0.2211 and 0.2096 W/(m.K), respectively. Compared with the thermal conductivity of the materials without any thermal conductive additives(0.1738 W/(m.K)), they increased by 27.22% and 20.61%, respectively. When the concentration of dispersant SDBS was 0.3 g/L and the concentration of thermal conductive additive multi-layer graphene was 0.3 g/L, the thermal conductivity of the composite phase change material was 0.2268 W/(m.K), which was 30.49% higher than that of 0.1738 W/(m.K).It can be concluded that multi-layer graphene could effectively increase the thermal conductivity of the composite phase change cold storage materials, mainly because graphene had a very high specific surface area, which was conducive to the more uniform dispersion of the composite materials and the formation of a more perfect grid structure, thus effectively increasing the stability and thermal conductivity of the composite phase change cold storage materials. Using multi-layer graphene as thermal conductive additive(0.3 g/L) and SDBS as dispersant(0.3 g/L), the composite phase change materials with the most stable system and the highest thermal conductivity could be prepared.

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Study onphotocuring activity of tung oil under UV light

ZHANGLi, LI Puwang, YANG Ziming, HE Zuyu, ZHOU Wei, LI Jihua, JIAO Jing, ZHOU Chuang

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3089-3095.

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In this paper, tung oil was placed in different environments to observe the solidification behavior and explore the photocuring activity of tung oil. And the photocuring mechanism of tung oil was revealed by measuring the FTIR spectrum, UV spectrum, peroxide value, and so on. The results showed that the photocuring reaction process of tung oil mainly included oxidative polymerization and free radical polymerization, among which oxidative polymerization was the main reaction. Oxygen played a key role in the photocuring process of tung oil. The main function of oxygen was to form hydroperoxides with the free radicals formed after the reaction of hydrogen extraction of tung oil under UV light, which promoted the oxidative polymerization of tung oil. And the cationic photoinitiator could greatly promote the photocuring of tung oil and the formed film had a good thermal stability.

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Synthesisand properties of copolymer bearing sulfonate and nitroxide radical groups

ZHU Junfeng, TUO Huan, ZHU Ting, GAO Weichun, ZHANG Wanbin

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3096-3101.

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The copolymer was synthesized by radical polymerization using 2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate(TMPM) and sodium styrene sulfonate(SSS) as raw materials, and the synthesized copolymer was oxidized to nitroxyl radical polymerization with oxidizing chloroperoxybenzoic acid(mCPBA). The structure of synthesized copolymer was confirmed by NMR(1HNMR), Fourier infrared spectrometer(FT-IR), electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and UV-visible spectrum(UV-vis). The electrochemical performance was tested by assembling a button cell. The results showed that PTMA-co-PSS was used as the positive electrode material, Rfc was168 Ω and the first discharge specific capacity was 99.08 mAh/g. The first charge specific capacity was 92.97 mAh/g. After 100 cycles, the capacity was stable at 67.50 mAh/g and Coulomb efficiency was close to 100%. The low charge transfer resistance indicated that PTMA-co-PSS had good cycle reversibility and stable cycle life, and had excellent electrochemical application prospects as an electrode active material.

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Study on giant magneto-impedance characteristics of Fe-based alloy ribbons under low temperature stress annealing

LU Xuanang, WANG Zhuo, WANG Limei, FAN Xiaozhen, HE Xingwei, FANG Yunzhang

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3102-3107.

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In this paper, the microstructure of Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉ amorphous ribbons annealed at different temperature and different stress for 60 min was observed by the synchrotron radiation technique. The giant magneto-impedance ratio and magnetic anisotropy of the corresponding samples were measured by HP4294A impedance analyzer. The results show that under the condition that the annealing temperature was lower than the glass-transition temperature of FeCuNbSiB, the samples were still amorphous which annealed under different stress, and the shape of giant magneto-impedance curve had changed and the wide linear property had appeared. When the stress was 112.1 MPa, the maximum giant magneto-impedance ratio of the sample reached 1 818.7%, which was 1.9 times higher than that under free annealing. After fitting the experimental data, it was found that the maximum giant magneto-impedance ratio and magnetic anisotropy field of the sample were linearly related to the applied stress, and the magnetic inductance sensitivity had a negative exponential relationship with the applied stress. It was found that the magnetic properties of Fe-based alloy ribbons with amorphous structure were sensitive to stress, which could be used as another new direction to study the stress sensitivity of amorphous nanocrystal alloy materials.

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Influence of graphene oxide on autogenous shrinkage of cement-based composites

WANG Yao, XU Yidong, ZENG Juqing, PAN Zhihong, LI Mingming

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3108-3113.

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Graphene oxide(GO) surface contains a large amount of oxygen-containing groups, which is of good hydrophilicity. It is a new type of nano-carbon material that affects the shape and aggregation state of cement hydration products. In this paper, multilayer GO and water were mixed to form GO dispersions by ultrasonic dispersion. The autogenous shrinkage of fresh cement paste with different GO content was tested and its pore structure was characterized by nitrogen adsorption method. The results showed that the incorporation of GO increased the free water in the gel pores and accelerated the hydration rate of the cement. The autogenous shrinkage increased as the GO content increased. It was deduced from the hysteresis effect that GO made the pores inside the cement paste develop into a slit. The pore distribution was analyzed by the BJH method of Kelvin equation to explore the regulation mechanism of GO on autogenous shrinkage. It was found that GO could refine the internal pore diameter. The large capillary pores inside the cement slurry were transformed toward the small capillary pores, which led to an increase in capillary pore pressure, thereby increasing the autogenous shrinkage of the cement-based composite material.

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The preparation and phase transition properties of microcapsules using kaolinite-stabilized Pickering emulsions as template

WANG Minghao, XIE Xiangli, GUO Hu, ZHOU Lingli, LI Cunjun, ZHU Wenfeng, WANG Linjiang

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3114-3120.

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Phase change microcapsules are widely used in building energy-saving and other fields due to their excellent heat storage performance. However, conventional phase change microcapsules are generally composed by single polymer materials, and prepared with surfactant-stabilized emulsion as a template, thus suffered poor thermal stability and low heat storage performance. In this work, a paraffin-loaded kaolinite polyurea microcapsule was prepared based on the polymerization reaction of isophorone diisocyanate with water at the interfaces of a kaolinite-stabilized water/paraffin emulsion, forming a kaolinite polyurea composite material capsule wall. The results showed that the shape of the phase change microcapsules was regularly spherical. The average size of the microcapsules was 42 μm and could be tuned by controlling the emulsion droplet size. The encapsulation rate of the paraffin in microcapsules was up to 85.3 %. The phase change point and thermal decomposition temperature of the microcapsules were 49.6 ℃ and 218 ℃, respectively. The latent heat of the microcapsules was 175.7 J/g. The phase change microcapsules prepared using the kaolinite-stabilized Pickering emulsions as a template had good thermal stability and phase change latent heat, which could be used as phase change energy storage material.

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Preparation and photocatalytic degradation of ZnO:Cd nanorods

ZHONG Zhengxing, CHEN Qiushuo, He Yuzhenghan, SHI Xiaoyan, YANG Xiaohong

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3121-3127.

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ZnO and ZnO:Cd nanorods were prepared by hydrothermal method. The structure and optical properties of ZnO:Cd nanorods were studied by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, UV-Vis-Nir spectrophotometer and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the sample was a one-dimensional nanorod structure, and Cd doping could reduce the grain size and optical band gap of ZnO nanorods. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ZnO:Cd nanorods against azo structure dyes(methyl orange solution) was measured by spectrophotometer. The results showed that Cd doping could improve the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ZnO, and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ZnO:Cd nanorods to methyl orange solution was the highest when the doping concentration was 16%.

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Preparation of co-doped three-dimensional graphene and its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance

WU Zhijun, TIAN Fenyang, LIU Yuqi, OU Anqi, LUO Jie

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3128-3132.

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The co-doping three-dimensional graphene electrode material was prepared by chemical reduction method and self-assembly method using thiourea, ethylene iron sulfate and nickel chloride as modifier, while the graphite oxide was prepared by modified Hummers method using natural graphite flakes as the raw material. The materials were analyzed and characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. The effects of different factors on the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) were studied and the optimal process conditions were determined by uniform experimental design. The results show that the obtained samples had extensive pore structure and complete three-dimensional structure of the graphene sheet spacing of 0.3734 nm, and no significant agglomeration stacked pile. It showed higher HER activity under acidic conditions. At a current density of 10 mA/cm², the hydrogen evolution overpotential was -158 mV and the Tafel slope was 74.33 mV/dec.

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Study on preparation and electrochemical properties of phenolic resin-based carbon microspheres

YANG Huimin, DU Xu, GUO Xiaohui, LIU Jinyan, LI Songbo

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3133-3138.

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Using resorcinol and formaldehyde as precursors and 1,6-hexanediamine as crosslinking agent, a spherical nano-phenolic resin-based carbon microspheres was prepared by hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the material were characterized by N₂ adsorption, XRD and SEM. It was found that carbon nanoparticles with spherical morphology could be obtained by the addition of crosslinking agent. Meanwhile, the size and structure of the spherical particles could be controlled by changing the amount of crosslinking agent, but FT-IR showed no effect on the surface functional groups. The electrochemical properties of carbon spherical materials were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, constant-current charge-discharge curve and AC impedance curve. In the range of -0.95~0 V, carbon spheres had typical double-layer capacitance and reversibility of charge-discharge. When the molar ratio of 1, 6-hexanediamine to resorcinol was 0.4, the specific capacitance measured at current density of 1 A/g was 147.37 F/g. The specific capacitance retention rate of the electrodes was 90% after 5000 cycles of charge-discharge tests.

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Study on durability of basalt -polyvinyl alcohol hybrid fiber cement-based materials

LI Fei, CHEN Libo, MA Jianning, ZENG Xiaohui, WANG Ping, LONG Zuohong, ZHOU Hao, LI Jianhui

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3139-3143.

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The optimal mix proportion of basalt PVA hybrid fiber cement-based materials was determined, and the durability of basalt PVA hybrid fiber cement-based materials was compared with common C40 concrete under the same conditions. The results showed that the mass loss of basalt PVA hybrid fiber cement-based materials was less than 1.5% after 300 freeze-thaw cycles, while that of ordinary C40 concrete was close to 5% in less than 150 freeze-thaw cycles. The permeability coefficients of 28 and 56 days of hybrid fiber cement-based materials were 53% and 26% of that of ordinary C40 concrete. Hybrid fiber cement-based materials had strong permeability resistance, and the permeability resistance gradually increased with age. When the carbonation time was less than 28 days, the carbonation depth of hybrid fiber cement-based materials was greater than that of ordinary C40 concrete, but when the carbonation time was 56 days, the carbonation depth of hybrid fiber cement-based materials was 90% of that of ordinary C40 concrete. The electric flux of hybrid fiber cement-based materials in 28 and 56 days was 65% and 49% of that of common C40 concrete, respectively. The chloride resistance of hybrid fiber cement-based materials was significantly higher than that of common C40 concrete. The durability indexes of basalt PVA hybrid fiber cement-based materials were better than that of common C40 concrete.

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Effect of graphite addition on properties of loess-based ceramic membrane support

HUANG Kaipei, TONG Zhi, YANG Bowen, SUN Xiaojuan, ZHANG Jianxu

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3144-3149.

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The low-cost ceramic membrane supports with loess as aggregate and graphite as pore forming agent were prepared by extrusion-molding and solid particle sintering method. The effect of graphite addition on the properties of ceramic membrane supports was mainly studied. The crystal phase, microscopic morphology, porosity, flexural strength, acid-base corrosion rate and pure water permeability of ceramic supports were characterized by testing methods such as X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), mercury intrusion method, three-point bending method, mass loss method and self-made pure water flux measurement device. Results indicate that the phase of supports was mainly composed of quartz(α-SiO₂), albite(Na₂O·Al₂O₃·6SiO₂), diopside(CaMg(SiO₃)₂) and anorthite(CaO·Al₂O₃·2SiO₂). When the sintering temperature was 1100 ℃ and the amount of graphite added was 6%, the excellent comprehensive performance tubular supports with pure water permeability of 847.20 L/(m²·h·MPa), compressive strength of 43.50 MPa, porosity of 16.70% and an acid(alkali) corrosion rate of 1.08 /0.36% were achieved.

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Optical properties of Cu-X(X=F, Cl, Br, I) co-doped anatase-TiO₂

DONG Minghui, YUAN Guangming, WANG Xuewen, LIU Enchao, WANG Lihui

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3150-3156.

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By using density functional theory(DFT), optical properties of Cu-X(X=F, Cl, Br, I) co-doped anatase-TiO₂were investigated. The results reveal that Cu-X(X=F, Cl, Br, I) co-doped anatase TiO₂structures wereeasy to be formed because of the negative formation energies.Cu-X(X=F, Cl, Br, I) co-dopedTiO₂ reduced the band gap on the one hand, and on the other hand, the 3d state of Cu and the p-state electron of a halogen element formed a hybrid state in the forbidden band, which was beneficial to visible light, and prevented the recombination of photogenerated carriers and holes.Finally, Cu-X(X=F, Cl, Br, I) co-doped TiO₂ ledto red shift of the dielectric constant, absorption coefficient, refractive index and photoconductivity, which was beneficial to absorb visible light.

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Preparation of antibacterial and superwetting cotton textiles by plasma pretreatment for oil removal application

ZHANG Ming, DU Xiling, SHI Yanhua, SHI Junyou

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3157-3163.

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For the scale manufacturation of superwetting materials, cotton textiles were pretreated with plasma and interface construction for building durable products with special wetting behavior, which could be utilized in oil-water separation. Specifically, polyurethane adhesive(PU) and as-prepared Ag@SiO₂ nanospheres were prepared into spraying reagents A and B, respectively. Afterwards, simple high-pressure spraying and hydrophobic modification technologies were adopted to form the robust micro/nano roughness on cotton fiber surface, and then superhydrophobic membrane was obtained. Moreover, the influence of the plasma distance, voltage, and spraying times on the surface roughness of cotton substrate was systematically studied. Meanwhile, the applications of the products in antimicrobial protection and oil/water separation were explored as well. Results show that the as-prepared product was a type of biomass based membrane with excellent water-oil separating abilities, which could effectively separate oil-water mixtures and prevent pathogen attachment.

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Self-healingproperties of aged asphalt mortar based on digital speckle correlation technology

Zhang Xiang, Cui Yanan, Guo Jing, Yu Qingnian

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3164-3170.

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As the dispersed phase of asphalt mixture structure system, the self-healing characteristic of asphalt mortar after aging is an important part that affects the pavement performance of asphalt mixture. Combined with the actual situation of asphalt pavement service environment, taking the aging degree and healing time as the conditions, the damage healing test of asphalt mortar was carried out by using digital speckle technique, and the damage healing process of asphalt mortar was analyzed and observed. The test results show that the damage healing process of asphalt mortar could be well observed by using digital speckle correlation technology. The displacement of pre-cut of asphalt mortar after short-term aging was the largest, and the healing value of both kinds of asphalt mortar was improved after long-term aging. The healing process of asphalt mortar was divided into two stages.

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Preparation and characterization of Ag/NiFe_2-xCe_xO₄ as microwave absorbing composite

ZHAO Kun, LIN Yuran, LIU Ying

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3171-3175.

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Ce³⁺ doped nickel ferrite(Ag/NiFe_2-xCe_xO₄) was composited with silver by hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology and electromagnetic properties of the product were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), vibration sample magnetometer(VSM) and vector network analyzer(VAN). The results showed that the titled composite could be prepared by hydrothermal method in one step, and there was a certain interaction between the components of Ag/NiFe_2-xCe_xO₄ composite. The specific saturation magnetization of ferrites was greatly affected by compositing with silver and the doping amount of cerium ion, but there were little effects on coercivity. Compared with single component of NiFe₂O₄, Ag/NiFe_2-xCe_xO₄ composite exhibited better microwave absorption performance. When x was set at 0.08, s₁₁ and s₁₂ for Ag/NiFe_1.92Ce_0.08O₄ were -22.8 and -4.04 dB, respectively. Both the dielectric loss and the magnetic loss of the composite were improved, and the effects on the dielectric loss were more obvious. It shows that the composite was a promising microwave absorbing material.

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Preparation of theamino-functionalized P(St-HEMA) magnetic microspheres and its adsorption properties for Pb(II)

WANG Kai, Qiu Guangming, WEI Liqiang, ZHAO JIngxin, XIe Xue, YU XIN, TAN Dongyuan

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3176-3181.

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P(St-HEMA) magnetic microspheres were synthesized by dispersion polymerization and then reacted with ethylenediamine to yield amino-functionalized [P(St-HEMA)-EDA] magnetic microspheres. The prepared [P(St-HEMA)-EDA] magnetic microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR) and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM). Magnetic microspheres were used to adsorb Pb²⁺ from simulated wastewater. The effects of Pb²⁺ adsorptions were investigated in different pH, adsorbent dosage and adsorption time by batch experiments. The results showed that the synthesized [P(St-HEMA)-EDA] magnetic microspheres had a strong potential for Pb²⁺ removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium within 90 min. The process followed pseudo-second-order kinetic and the adsorption of Pb²⁺ in aqueous solution belonged to a chemisorption process. Under 298 K, the saturated adsorption was approximately 87.566 mg/g. The process about magnetic microspheres adsorbing Pb²⁺ conformed to Langmuir model.

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Effect of driving potentials on electrochromic properties of nanostructured Ni_xO_y thin films

MA Jiayu, WANG Meihan, WEN Zhe, HUANG Yibo, ZHANG Jun, HOU Zhaoxia

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3182-3188.

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Nickel oxide thin films with the thickness of about 480 nm were prepared by glancing-angle DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The surface and cross-section morphologies and chemical compositions were characterized by the field emission scanning electron microscope and the energy dispersive spectrometer. The cyclic voltammetry, optical modulation, optical density varying and colorization efficiency of Ni_xO_y thin films were evaluated by the electrochemical workstation and the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, respectively. The ion diffusion rates were calculated from linear fitting as a function of scanning rates. The coloring/bleaching response time was obtained from the chronograph current measurements. The results show that the surface morphology of Ni_xO_y films deposited at 80° glancing-angle was loose and porous. The cross-section presents inclined columnar structure, which provided a large specific surface area for the injection/extraction of ions or electrons. Under the driving potential of ±1.2 V, the electrochemical capacity and the rates of ion diffusion were significantly improved, resulting in excellent optical modulation and colorization efficiency. Meanwhile, the Ni_xO_y films presented good cyclic stability and rapid response characteristic.

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Effects of Cu, Co contents on CoCuFeNi system high-entropy alloysby the first principle calculation

WANG Gen, LI Xinmei

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3189-3195.

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With the in-depth study of HEAs, the rule and mechanism of the influence of the main elements of HEAs on the properties of HEAs established by experiments have a large amount of work and great uncertainty.But it can be solved through first principle calculation based on density universal funcition theory. The microstructure and properties of materials can be discussed in terms of atoms and molecules.Therefore, the CASTEP method based on plane wave pseudopotentiality was adopted to calculate CoCu_xFeNi(x=0.5,1.0,1.5) HEAs and CoCu_xFeNi(x=0.5,1.0,1.5) HEAs by first principle in this study, and the crystal structure and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that with the increase of Cu content, the lattice constant increasedbut the density and the binding energy decreased. The volume modulus K, shear modulus G, elastic modulus E and the hardness of CoCu_0.5FeNi HEAs were higher than that of other CoCu_XFeNi HEAs, but the thermodynamic stability was poor.However, with the increase of Co content, the lattice constant decreased, but the density increased and the binding energy increasedcontinuously. The volume modulus K, shear modulus G, elastic modulus E and the hardness of Co_1.5CuFeNi HEAs with higher Co content were all higher than that of other CoCuFeNi HEAs. But their binding energy was higher and stability was poor under thermodynamic conditions.

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Preparation and characterization of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ single crystal based on hot saturated solution method

YU Man, CHEN Yao

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3196-3199.

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The hot saturated solution method was used to adjust the ratio of PbI₂ and CH₃NH₃I in the precursor solution 1,4-butyrolactone, and then the precursor liquid was heated at 100 ℃ to obtain single crystal CH₃NH₃PbI₃ simply and easily. The yield of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ single crystal under different control conditions was calculated. The morphology and crystallinity of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ single crystal were characterized by SEM and XRD. The spectral properties of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ single crystal were characterized by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The optimal molar ratio of PbI₂∶CH₃NH₃I was 2.3∶1 and PbI₂ was 1.229 mmol/mL.

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Preparation and photothermal properties of photothermal sensitive carboxymethyl chitosan nanospheres

LIU Xianwu, YANG Ziming, CHEN Yu, HE Zuyu, ZHOU Chuang, WANG Chao, LIU Yunhao, LI Puwang

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3200-3207.

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Carboxymethyl chitosan is widely used in biomedical field due to its good water solubility and biocompatibility. In this paper, N-isopropylacrylamide was grafted onto carboxymethyl chitosan by free radical combination method under the action of initiator potassium persulfate with natural degradable polymer carboxymethyl chitosan as carrier. Then, a new photo-thermal sensitive carboxymethyl chitosan microsphere loaded with photosensitizer indocyanine green(ICG) was prepared by emulsion crosslinking method under the crosslinking effect of vanillin. Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance(¹H-NMR) and scanning electron microscope(SEM) were used to characterize the structure of the copolymer and the morphology of the microspheres. The effects of oil-water ratio, rotation speed, vanillin and emulsification time on the drug loading rate of adriamycin in the nanospheres were investigated, and their photothermal properties were also studied. The experimental results shows that Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and nuclear magnetic(¹H-NMR) analysis proved that N-isopropylacrylamide was successfully grafted onto carboxymethyl chitosan. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the appearance of the nanospheres was spherical, with uniform distribution and an average particle size of 143 nm. The drug loading rate of microspheres with oil-water ratio of 20∶1, rotating speed of 600 r/min, vanillin content of 1 mL and emulsifying time of 3 h was the highest 19.32%. At the same time, the nano microspheres could slowly release drugs in a targeted manner and had good photothermal sensitivity. The nano microspheres had wide application prospects in the fields of drug controlled release, drug carriers and the like.

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Preparation of modified hyperbranched polyamide HBPAMAM-EP and application of composite on cotton fabric

WANG Liying, WANG Liming, SHEN Yong, XU Lihui, QIU Yu, LIU Yadong

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3208-3213.

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The terminal amino group hyperbranched polyamide(HBPAMAM-EP) was prepared by epichlorohydrin-terminated amino-hyperbranched polyamide(HBPAMAM), and it was combined with ZnO to meke a versatile cotton fabric for cotton fabric finishing. The results showed that when the ratio of HBPAMAM to epichlorohydrin was 1∶28, the ring-opening reaction temperature was 55 ℃, the ring closure reaction temperature was 30 ℃, and the catalyst was 50% KOH 4 mL, the epoxy value and yield of the product were higher. The cotton fabric treated by HBPAMAM-EP-ZnO composites had excellent UV resistance(UV protection coefficient UPF was 50+). The modified cotton fabric was used for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue MB under UV irradiation, and the degradation rate of 3 h was 99.49%. The HBPAMAM-EP and HBPAMAM-EP-ZnO finished cotton fabric had a wrinkle recovery angle of nearly 270° while that of untreated cotton fabric wrinkle recovery angle was 179°, showing the significantly enhanced anti-crease performance. At the same time, the water-resistant test shows that the cotton fabric finished with HBPAMAM-EP-ZnO could still have good UV resistance(UPF>50) and wrinkle resistance(about wrinkle recovery angle of 210°) after 30 times of washing. After washing 50 times, the photocatalytic performance with degradation rate of 75% was obtained.

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Catalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by peroxymonosulfate activated with CuFe₂O₄

WANG Yan, ZHANG Jiawen, FAN Xingjun, ZHAO Jianrong

Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(3): 3214-3220.

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A kind of catalyst CuFe₂O₄ with high catalytic activity was prepared in hydrothermal synthesis method, and it was applied to activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS) for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride(TC) in simulated antibiotic wastewater. The effects of operating conditions including initial pH, CuFe₂O₄ addition and PMS dosage on TC degradation were investigated. The results showed that TC degradation rate was first stable and then decreased with the increase of initial pH which was in the range of 2~10, and the TC degradation rate increased with the increasing PMS dosage and CuFe₂O₄ addition. There were active species(such as ·OH, SO_4·- and ¹O₂) in CuFe₂O₄/PMS system. CuFe₂O₄ exhibited good performance during the reusability of the catalyst. In CuFe₂O₄/PMS system, the inhibition rate of luminescent bacteria increased firstly and then decreased, which illustrated that the CuFe₂O₄/PMS system was an effective method for the TC degradation.

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30 March 2020, Volume 51 Issue 3