29 February 2020, Volume 51 Issue 2

    

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Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2019)
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  Study on the performance of high thermal conductive CR/NR carbon fiber composites

  LIN Guangyi, LYU Ningning, YU Boquan, WANG Hong, YU Kaiben

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2001-2006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.001

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  The properties of high performance carbon fiber (CF) for vulcanization, processing, physical and mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, aging properties and fatigue properties of neoprene (CR) and natural rubber (NR) composites were investigated. The effect and its structure were characterized by electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that with the increasing of CF content, the vulcanization time of the composite material was reduced. The tensile strength was increased by 18% and fatigue resistance was improved by 19%. The addition of 3phr CF made the dispersibility the best, and the physical properties of the vulcanized rubber were optimal. When the amount of CF was increased, the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity were enhanced.
Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2020)
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  Effect of high temperature on the tensile properties of hybrid fiber reinforced high ductilitycementitous composites

  ZHANG Cong, XIA Chaofan, YUAN Zhen, LI Zhihua

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2007-2013. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.002

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  High temperature is one of most unfavourable conditions that the high ductility cementitious composite (HDCC) maybe suffer during its service period. However, relevant research on the high temperature property of HDCC is still limited. Tensile behaviours of polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced high ductility cementitious composites (PVA-HDCC), steel fiber/ PVA fiber hybrid reinforced HDCC (HyHDCC-A) and steel fiber/PVA fiber/calcium carbonate whisker hybrid reinforced HDCC (HyHDCC-B) at room temperature and after 200 ℃, 400 ℃, 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ elevated temperature exposure were studied. The results indicate that equally replacing PVA fibers by steel fibers degraded the tensile hardening ability of PVA-HDCC at room temperature, while the addition of appropriate amount of calcium carbonate whisker improved the tensile strength, toughness and tensile strain hardening behaviour. The elevated temperature posed a significant effect on the tensile strength and toughness of PVA-HDCC, HyHDCC-A and HyHDCC-B. Tensile strain hardening behaviour of the three types of HDCCs was eliminated after high temperature exposure. Tensile strength and toughness of PVA-HDCC presented an exponential reduction along with the increase of temperature. The addition of steel fiber slowed down the reduction rate. Although the use of calcium carbonate whisker increased the post-temperature tensile strength and toughness of HyHDCC-B, the reduction rate was not further decreased.
Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2021)
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  Amount of GO on the type and adsorption properties of hierarchical zeolite

  ZHANG Jianmin, WANG Chuyao, LI Hongji

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2014-2018. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.003

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  Hierarchical zeolite was synthesized by one-pot method with ATP as silicon and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and graphene oxide (GO) as template. Influence of the amount of GO on the type, pore structure and adsorption properties was systematically investigated. Through X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area and pore size analyzer (BET), the type, morphology and pore structure were characterized. The results showed that the ZSM-11 molecular sieve was formed when the amount of GO was between 5~45 mg. Crystal morphology tended to ZSM-5 molecular sieve when the amount of GO was more than 50 mg, and the crystal morphology was destroyed when it was more than 70 mg. Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite prepared with 50mg of GO met the quasi-second-order kinetic equation and exhibited a high specific surface area (SBET=348.68 m²/g), a large mesoporous proportion (46%), and an adsorption rate of methylene blue (95.12%).
Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2022)
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  Progress in the synthesis and application of fluorescent carbon dots

  ZHANGPan, ZHAO Shunsheng, WANG Yakun, YANG Zheng, LIU Xiangrong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2019-2026. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.004

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  Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted wide attention from scholars at home and abroad due to their excellent biocompatibility, surface functionalization, environmental friendliness and low cost. In this paper, recent advances in the field of carbon dots, including the synthesis, characterization, properties and applications of carbon dots, were summarized. In particular, the applications of carbon dots in bioimaging, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, light emitting diode (LEDs) and other fields were introduced, and the future research directions of carbon dots were prospected.
Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2023)
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  Preparation and catalytic degradation performance for organic wastewater of nano-MoS₂

  JIAO Fei, AI Taotao, LUO Qingwei, LI Wenhu, ZOU Xiangyu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2027-2031. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.005

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  Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), as a typical n-type semiconductor material, has a similar layered structure to graphene. Nanoscale MoS₂ has larger specific surface area, stronger adsorption capacity and higher reactivity, becoming a hotspot in the field of catalysis. In the experiment, a simple hydrothermal solvent method was used to synthesize the flower-shaped microspheres with sodium molybdate (Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O) as molybdenum source and thiourea (CS (NH₂)₂) as sulfur source. Structure and morphology of MoS₂ powder were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area test (BET). The photocatalytic performance of MoS₂ was tested by using binary mixture of rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) as probe molecules. The results indicated that nano-MoS₂ had good photocatalytic activity in visible light and showed higher catalytic performance in low initial concentration (10 mg/L) and weak acid environment (pH=5~7). In the RhB-MO mixture, the highest degradation rate of RhB and MO reached 71.30% and 84.68%, respectively. In MB-MO mixture, the highest degradation rates of MB and MO were 84.13% and 76.80%, respectively.
Review & Advance
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  Research progress of porous electrode materials based onsupercapacitors

  HOU Zhaoxia, QU Chenying, LI Jianjun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2032-2038. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.006

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  At present, the demand for energy has increased dramatically, and supercapacitors have attracted much attention as green energy storage devices. Supercapacitors can be divided into electric double layer capacitors and Faraday tantalum capacitors according to the energy storage mechanism. Electrode materials of the electric double layer capacitor are mainly composed of carbon-based materials, and electrode materials of the Faraday tantalum capacitor are mainly composed of conductive polymers and metal oxides. The synergistic effects of the carbon-based materials combined with the conductive polymers or metal oxides can obtain more excellent electrochemical performance. The porous electrode materials have a large specific surface area, a unique porous structure and a diverse composition, and the excellent electronic conductivity has caused extensive concern. The relationship between preparation methods and structure-performance of supercapacitor materials with microscopic porous structure were summarized. It indicated that porous supercapacitor electrode materials were more favorable for obtaining high performance supercapacitors due to their higher specific surface area and porosity.
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  Research progress of Ni-based nanocomposite coatings

  MENG Yuanyuan, KAN Hongmin, CUI Shiqiang, ZHANG Ning, WANG Xiaoyang, LONG Haibo

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2039-2044. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.007

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  In this paper, the preparation methods and characteristics of nickelbased nanocomposite coatings were reviewed. Process conditions affected the composite amount and distribution of nano particles in the coating. The effects of surfactant, pH value, current density and bath temperature on nickel-based nanocomposite coatings were analyzed. Then the applications of nickel-based nanocomposite coatings in several main fields were introduced. Finally, through the study of the present research about nickel-based nanocomposite coatings, the research emphases and development direction in the future were prospected.
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  Key preparation technology for graphene-based materials

  JI Yangmei, Wu Bingkun, LIANG Jinglong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2045-2051. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.008

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  Graphene has excellent material properties and a wide range of applications. The preparation technology of graphene-based materials has been highly valued. The key preparation techniques of graphene-based materials, such as surface functionalization, gamma ray irradiation, self-assembly, template synthesis, 3D printing and powder metallurgy, were introduced in this paper. The technical principles of each process, preparation techniques and advantages and disadvantages of the resulting product were described. In order to better realize the application value of graphene-based materials, the next research was prospected.
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  Application of cyclic topological polymer in the field of drug carriers

  JIA Juanying, BIAN Qing, SUN Po, SHEN Kejing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2052-2060. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.009

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  Because of its unique structure and excellent properties, cyclic topological polymers have been widely used in chemical methodology, biology, supramolecular self-assembly and other fields, and are playing an increasingly important roles. In this review, the synthesis, the research progress and the research challenges in the future of cyclic topological polymers in biomedicine were mainly introduced, which provided a powerful theoretical guide for further application of cyclic topological materials.
Research & Development
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  Novel multifunctional epoxy resinnanocomposites based on alumina and montmorillonite modification

  ZHANG Ruizhu, CUI Xiangcheng, WANGChongyang, ZhANG Hao, ShAO Yufei, HUANG Jianlin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2061-2066. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.010

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  Nano-alumina and organic montmorillonite were added as fillers to the epoxy resin to prepare a novel nano-material with excellent properties. The modified nano-alumina and the organic montmorillonite were uniformly mixed and then added to the epoxy resin matrix to prepare a nano-alumina/organic montmorillonite/epoxy composite material. The modulus and strength of the new multifunctional nanocomposites in this study were 331.48% and 150.8%, and 140.46% and 185.32%, respectively, compared with that of pure epoxy resin and montmorillonite/epoxy composites. The increase was 157.14% and 127.9%, and the glass transition temperature and thermal decomposition temperature were increased by 9.7 ℃and 19.3 ℃, and 10.5 ℃ and 4.1 ℃, respectively. It had a significant improvement in epoxy resin in a variety of properties. After testing, nano-alumina interacted with organic montmorillonite, and nano-alumina and montmorillonite nano-thin layers were interlaced. It proved that nano-alumina had the function of promoting the dispersion of montmorillonite thin layer, and this microstructure made the novel nano-material have excellent properties.
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  Study on influence mechanism of sodium chloride on the strength of alkali-activatedgeopolymers

  LYU Qingfeng, WANG Zishuai, CHEN Yi, SHAN Xiaokang, GU Liuyang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2067-2071. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.011

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  In order to clarify the effect and mechanism of sodium chloride content on the strength of alkali-activated geopolymer, the strength and microstructure of sodium silicate alkali-activated fly ash based geopolymer were characterized by UCS, XRD, FT-IR, SEM and physical adsorption tests. The experimental results show that the overall effect of sodium chloride doping in alkali-activated geopolymer was not expected. A small amount of sodium chloride doping would react to form sodalite, which could promote the strength to a certain extent. But with the increase of the doping amount, the passivation effect of Na⁺ions would lead to the decrease of alkali-activated effect, limiting the dissolution of aluminosilicate raw materials and the degree of polymerization reaction. The presence of unreacted sodium sulfate in the geopolymer system hindered the migration of ions in the system and weakened the cementation of the gel, resulting in the increase of pore size and pore size, and the destruction of microstructure, which limited the development of strength.
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  Removal of heavy metal ion from water by zeolite imidazolate skeleton (ZIF-67)

  YANG Qingxiang, CHEN Congtao, ZHAO Cuizhen, SUN Menglei, CHEN Zhijun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2072-2077. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.012

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  In this paper, ZIF-67 was prepared by stirring at room temperature and characterized by PXRD, SEM, FT-IR and XPS respectively. The materials were applied to removal of heavy metal ions (Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺and Pb²⁺) from water. The results show that the prepared ZIF-67 material was a dodecahedral structure with uniform size distribution, and the size was about 1.5-2.2 μm. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺and Pb²⁺were up to 587.4 mg/g, 310.3 mg/g and 972.6 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption amounts of Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺and Pb²⁺ions were 519.6 mg/g, 181.8 mg/g and 745.2 mg/g, respectively, at adsorbed time of 1 h. The percentage of equilibrium adsorption were 88.5%, 58.6%, and 76.6%, respectively. Compared with the heavy metal ion adsorbing materials reported in the literature, ZIF-67 material exhibited excellent adsorption properties for Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺and Pb²⁺ions in aqueous.
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  Electromagnetic properties of double perovskite oxide La_2-xSr_xNiMnO₆ (x=0, 0.15)

  WANG Qian, WANG Ting, LI Xiaoxin, CHEN Jinhuan, XING Ru, ZHAO Jianjun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2078-2085. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.013

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  A sample of double perovskite manganese oxide La_2-xSr_xNiMnO₆ (x=0, 0.15) was prepared by solid state reaction. The XRD test results show that the two samples were in good phase and belonged to the perovskite crystal structure. The magnetization with temperature curve (M-T) could be used to determine that the Sr doping led to weakening of the ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetic enhancement, isothermal magnetization curve (M-H). This conclusion could be further confirmed. The hysteresis loop of the two samples, the magnified view of the hysteresis loop at 2 K, and the Raman spectroscopy test results could jointly illustrate the doping of the Sr and the inversion of the system. When the defect increased, the antiferromagnetic coupling between the anti-disorders increased, and the antiferromagnetic inverse boundary increased. At the same time, the χ^-1-T curve had a tendency to diminish from the Curie-Fores law near the Curie temperature. The change of the relative strength between the anti-biting and the antiferromagnetic coupling strength could explain this phenomenon. After Sr doped, the FCC and FCW curves of the LSNMO system did not coincide with each other, which was a typical feature of the first-order phase transition. The curve and the Arrot curve could further confirm this phenomenon. At the same time, the resistivity of the two samples changed with temperature, indicating that the metal-insulator transition temperature of La_1.85Sr_0.15NiMnO₆ decreased at 0 and 2T. Increase in the difference between the resistivity was obtained.
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  Fatliquoring properties of diol-linked Gemini fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate

  JIAN Ting, QIANG Xihuai, ZHOU Junjiao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2086-2092. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.014

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  A series of O3-m-O3 (m=2,4,6,10) fatty alcohol ether phosphate Gemini surfactants were prepared by C_16-18 mixed fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (O-3), dihydric alcohol and POCl3. The structure of the prepared products was characterized by IR, and the sodium salt of these products was applied to the fatliquoring process of sheepskin leather. The microstructure of chrome-tanned collagen fibers in sheepskin before and after fatliquoring with O3-4-O3 Gemini fatty alcohol ether phosphate and common O-3 phosphate monoester was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of the length of the linker in the product structure on the softness, mechanical strength, moisture permeability and antistatic properties of chrome-tanned collagen fibers were investigated, and a comparison experiment with common O-3 phosphate monoester was carried out. Experimental results show that with the increase of the link chain, the softness and antistatic properties of the fatliquoring leather fiber were very good, which were basically close to each other. The mechanical strength increased first and then decreased, and both were superior to the corresponding O-3 phosphate monoester. The water vapor permeability showed a decreasing trend, which was slightly worse than the corresponding O-3 phosphate monoester. The O3-4-O3 product of Gemini fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate had better fatliquoring effect.
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  Study on compatibility ofpolybutylene succinate/gelatin composites based on molecular simulation

  LI Yueru, ZHANG Min, SONG Jie, WANGA Lei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2093-2100. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.015

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  In this study, Materials Studio (MS7.0) molecular dynamics simulation was used to calculate Huggins parameters (χ), mixing energy (Emix), cohesive energy density (CED) and radial distribution function (RDF). The compatibility of polybutylene succinate (PBS) with gelatin (GEL) and nano gelatin (GNPs) was predicted. The results show that the Emix and χ of PBS/GNPs composites were smaller than the PBS/GEL Emix and χ in a system under certain temperature and pressure conditions. The calculation of RDF also shows that the interaction between PBS and gelatin was mainly hydrogen bonding and electrostatic adsorption. Then, PBS matrix was hybridized with different concentrations of GEL/GNPs solution to prepare composites of PBS/GEL and PBS/GNPs. The dispersion of GEL and GNPs in the composites was observed by SEM and the hybridization mechanism of GEL/GNPs and PBS was explored by FT-IR and XPS. Results show that the -OH of GNPs was easier to obtain hydrogen bond with PBS and had better compatibility, which further validated the prediction of molecular simulation.
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  Adsorption behavior of amino modified styrene resins for Cr (VI)

  MA Yunjie, ZHANG Wei, LI Qian, WANG Shaoyan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2101-2106. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.016

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  The modified resins were aminated with styrene resin as matrix. The adsorption behavior of the modified resins for Cr (VI) was discussed and the modified resins was characterized. Characterization test results show that the surface of aminated resins had more porous channels, the specific surface area was 271.64 m²/g, the element content of N in the modified resins reached 3.45% and the amination effect was ideal. The adsorption experiment results show that the adsorption equilibrium time of aminated resins was 2 h, the adsorption process of modified resins was more suitable for the Langmuir model of single molecular layer adsorption, and the kinetic adsorption behavior was in good agreement with the first-order kinetics. The adsorption process was endothermic. Amino modified styrene resins had ideal adsorption effect on heavy metal ion Cr (VI) and the adsorption were the results of the interaction of hydroxyl group, amino group and double bond on the surface of resin. The adsorption capacity of the modified resin was 298.75 mg/g, and the adsorption rate was 93.24%. The results of 20 repeated experiments were satisfactory with the relative standard deviation of 0.024. The experimental results show that the amine modified adsorption resin could be used for enrichment and purification of heavy metal ion Cr (VI) and had good reusability.
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  Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic cellulose nanofibril aerogels

  GAO Mengxi, ZHANG Hui, CHEN Tiantian, FAN Li, WEN Yangbing, LIU Pengtao, LIU Zhong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2107-2112. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.017

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  In this study, hydrophobic cellulose nanofibril aerogel was prepared by sol-gel method and freeze drying method with TEMPO oxidized nanocellulose (CNF) as raw material, ammonium persulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfite as initiator, methyl trimethoxy silane (MTMS) as modifier and N,N′-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinking agent. Silanol was generated by hydrolysis of methyl trimethoxy silane and hydrophobic modification was carried out through self-polymerization and hydroxy reaction on the surface of CNF to generate poly-siloxane bonds. MBA was cross-linked with hydroxyl, which increased the bonding strength between fibers. After discussion of the reaction conditions, it was found that when CNF was 10 g, the temperature was 55 ℃, pH was 8, the amount of MTMS was 3 mL, and the reaction time was more than 5 h, the aerogel with excellent performance, density less than 0.03 g/cm³, and porosity more than 98% could be obtained. FTIR and scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed the successful reaction between MTMS, MBA and CNF. The adsorption capacity of aerogel to waste oil could reach 18 times of its own mass, and the contact angle to water could reach more than 130°, showing a good hydrophobic and oil absorption performance.
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  Preparation of Fe₃O₄/graphene nanocomposites

  LIU Langlang, CHENG Shaolei, YANG Hengzhe, SUN Fenger, LIU Heping, LIU Bin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2113-2116. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.018

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  Graphene is considered to be an ideal reinforcement because of its excellent properties. It is also prone to agglomeration, which reduces the properties of materials. In this paper, K₂FeO₄ was transformed to Fe₃O₄ by graphite and anchored on the graphite sheet by high energy ball milling in order to increase the shear force of grinding ball on graphite and then strip graphene from graphite. Dispersed Fe-based/graphene nanocomposites were obtained by controlling milling time. The composite powders were characterized by SEM, XRD and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the Fe-based/graphene nanocomposites achieved by ball milling for 2 hours exhibited the best dispersibility and the number of graphene lamellae was low.
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  First-principles calculation of half metallic ferromagnetism of Fe doped LiMgP new diluted magnetic semiconductor

  CHEN Ting, PANG Jun, HE Hong, DU Yinyan, XIANG Chaokai, JIA Qian, LIU Jiao, YU Yue, DU Chengxu, WU Zhimin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2117-2125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.019

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  The geometry structures of Li_1±y (Mg_1-xFe_x)P (x=0.125; y=0, 0.125) were optimized by adopting the first-principles calculation of plane wave ultra-soft pseudo-potential technology based upon the density function theory (DFT)。Then the electronic structures, formation energies, density of states, overlapping charge distribution and electrical parameters of ions near the body central ions were calculated。The results reveal that Fe doped LiMgP was an outstanding half-metallic ferromagnet with large half-metallic energy gap of 0.500 eV and controllable electromagnetic properties, which was expected to be a good candidate of spintronic devices with great potential application。The chemical bonds of pure LiMgP were polarized covalent bonds。Fe doping led to form stronger Fe-P covalent bond than that of Mg-P。The interaction between Fe ions and Li, Mg, P ions reduced their orbital electronic number。When Li was excessive, the formation energy was the lowest and the structure was the most stable。The band gap value was decreased greatly compared with that of Fe doped alone, meanwhile, the half-metallicity was significantly weakened。Interstitial Li atoms weakened the interaction between orbits, and the overlapping charge distribution of Fe-P bonds and the net magnetic moment of the system were the smallest。When Li was insufficient, the system became metallic ferromagnetism。The orbital electronic number of the ions was the smallest, but the hybrid orbital electronic number was the largest。The distribution of electron clouds between Fe and P atoms was the densest, and the offset degree of the shared electron pairs was the smallest。The overlapping charge distribution of Fe-P bond reached the maximum of 0.78, the bond length reached the minimum, and the net magnetic moment of the system was the biggest.
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  Preparationand electrochemical performance of Co₃O₄@MnO₂ composites prepared by secondary hydrothermal method

  ZHUANG Xue, PAN Shuang, WANG Zihan, WANG Bing, TANG Lidan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2126-2130. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.020

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  Co₃O₄@MnO₂ composites were prepared by secondary hydrothermal method on foam nickel substrate with CoCl₂·6H₂O and H₂NCONH₂ as raw materials. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The electrochemical properties of the samples were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge and discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results show that with the increase of hydrothermal temperature, the structure of the composite changed from nanometer sheet to nanometer cluster. In charge and discharge tests, the capacitance of Co₃O₄@MnO₂ composite materials prepared at different hydrothermal temperatures was compared. The specific capacitance of electrode materials prepared under the hydrothermal temperature of 160 ℃ and current density of 0.3 A/g was 2747.3 F/g, and the largest specific capacitance and excellent electrochemical performance were obtained.
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  Studyon the process and mechanism of preparation of nano-magnesium hydroxide by light burning magnesium powder

  LI Nan, RAN Yan, DU Gaoxiang, SHUAI Huan, REN Fengguo, Wang Jiao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2131-2136. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.021

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  The process conditions of preparation of hexagonal nanometer magnesium hydroxide from light burned magnesium powder and distilled water were discussed by mechanical chemical method and hydration method. The effects of stirring agitation rate-grinding time and slurry solid-liquid ratio on the particle size, morphology and structure of the experimental products during the hydration of magnesium oxide were studied, and the reaction mechanism was described. The experimental results show that the optimal process parameters were light burned magnesium powder, distilled water, grinding medium with ratio of 1∶4∶4, grinding speed of 1 300 r/min, and the optimal reaction time of 180 min. Under these conditions, the product obtained was a nano-sized magnesium hydroxide which was tested to have a particle size d50 of 1.04 μm and a d90 of 2.27 μm. SEM analysis showed that the surface morphology of the sample was hexagonal, and the thickness was about 5~20 nm. XRD analysis showed that the obtained magnesium hydroxide powder was completely crystallized, and its average grain size was 6.3 nm.
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  Comparison and study of three kinds of SiO₂ based inorganic electret materials: STBR, SPAP and SiO₂ film

  HUANG Zhiqiang, MA Xuetao, GU Yujie

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2137-2143. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.022

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  Three kinds of inorganic electret materials: SiO₂-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃-RO (STBR), SiO₂-PbO-Al₂O₃-P₂O₅ (SPAP) and SiO₂ film have been achieved via high temperature sintering and thermal oxidation on lightly doped silicon wafer (ρ=8-13 Ω·cm). The test results showed that the STBR was a micro-crystalline structure with its dielectric constant up to ~2000, while the SPAP was an amorphous structure with its dielectric constant lower than 3. Each surface potential of these three materials was similar to the grid voltage after constant-voltage-charging and maintained some days at RT, but the thermally simulated discharge (TSD) showed that they have thoroughly different carrier transportation properties. The TSD spectrum of SiO₂ film had a multiple peak structure with its negative main current peak located at T=295 ℃ and drifted to high T area when the charging temperature was raised, while the positive one showed an anomaly. But the TSD spectrums of both STBR and SPAP were single-peak structure with fixedly location at T=240 ℃ (STBR) or T=290 ℃ (SPAP), and the negative and positive current peaks were about temperature axisymmetric and uninfluenced by the charging temperature. It could be concluded that the SiO₂-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃-RO and SiO₂-PbO-Al₂O₃-P₂O₅ were two kinds of novel SiO₂ based inorganic composite materials with totally different electret properties.
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  Effect of adding weathered coal humic acid on acrylic acid absorbent resin performance

  HUI Fan, GAO Le, GUO Zhanying, GUO Yani, MA Changning, XU Wenjing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2144-2149. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.023

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  The HA-PAA superabsorbent resin was prepared through the common aqueous solution polymerization and inverse suspension polymerization methods when the humic acid from weathered coal was as the added materials. The properties and influencing factors of HA-PAA superabsorbent resin were compared by instrumental characterization and using condition experiments in order to understand their applicability. The results showed that because of HA, the hydrophilic groups of resin were increased and the hydrophilic performance was improved. The surface roughness became deeper. The hole or layered structure was more obvious. These could increase water absorption capability of HA-PAA. The salt tolerance, temperature tolerance, pH tolerance, water retention and repeated imbibition performance of HA-PAA were better than PAA. The salt water absorption capability of HA-PAA could arrive 70 g/g at 6×10³mg/L NaCl. The water absorption capability of HA-PAA could arrive 1000 g/g under 50 ℃ and could arrive 900 g/g at pH=4~11. Especially, the repeated imbibition capability of inverse suspension-HA-PAA was almost same during three times. Its third capability was above 1400 g/g and the fifth capability was about 800 g/g. So HA-PAA had good performance. But the salt tolerance and water retention performance of HA-PAA from aqueous solution polymerization method were better than inverse suspension polymerization. The temperature tolerance and repeated imbibition performance of HA-PAA from inverse suspension polymerization method were better than aqueous solution polymerization. And the pH tolerance performance was almost equivalent. It was beneficial to choose and use according to actual needs. The results provided the essential support for selective application of HA-PAA superabsorbent resin during soil and water conservation.
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  Analysis off actors affecting the preparation process of tapioca grafted acrylamide flocculant

  GUO Yani, MU Lincong, LIU Mengya

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2150-2154. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.024

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  The starch grafted acrylamide flocculant (St-PAM) was prepared by aqueous solution polymerization using tapioca starch and acrylamide monomer as raw materials. The monomer conversion rate and graft ratio were used to explore the preparation conditions for starch flocculant. The optimum synthesis conditions were determined as follows: reaction temperature 55 ℃, ratio of starch to acrylamide monomer 1∶3, KPS concentration 6 mmol/L, reaction time 5 h. Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize and analyze the structure, and the kaolin suspension flocculation test was carried out to investigate the influence of different factors on the flocculation rate of St-PAM. The flocculating agent dosage is 250 mg/L, the temperature is 30℃, and the pH is 7. Under this condition, the flocculation rate of St-PAM can reach 86.6%.
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  Study on theeffect of wire drawing rate on the preparation and irradiation resistance of quartz optical fibers

  XU Peng, YANG Yifan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2155-2159. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.025

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  Quartz optical fibers were successfully fabricated by high temperature wire drawing at different drawing rates with Yb³⁺-doped SiO₂ preform as raw material. The structure, tensile strength and attenuation characteristics of quartz optical fibers fabricated at different wire drawing rates were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical fiber stress analyzer and Model 2500. The results showed that the tensile strength of quartz optical fibers increased first and then decreased with the increase of wire drawing rate. When the wire drawing rate was 1700 m/min, the tensile strength of quartz optical fibers reached the maximum of 5.2 Gpa. The higher the wire drawing speed, the easier the internal damage and the failure of optical fibers would be caused by irradiation. This was mainly because the higher the drawing speed, the shorter the time in the high temperature region, the lower the frequency of Si-O chain breakage in the optical fiber, and the higher the tensile strength of the optical fiber. However, as the wire drawing rate continued to increase, the furnace temperature gradually increased, and the frequency of Si-O chain breakage in the fiber increased. The coupling effect of the two made the fiber strength increase first and then decrease with the drawing speed. When the irradiation dose increased gradually, the irradiation loss of quartz optical fibers increased rapidly in a straight line trend, but with the increase of the irradiation dose, the increase of the irradiation loss slowed down and stabilized gradually.
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  Mechanicalproperties sensitivity of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composites

  WANG Weihua, SONG Zheming, HAN Zhiwei, CAO Wenqing, XU Hui, LIANG Bo

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2160-2164. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.026

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  Effects of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and a compatibilizer (a terpolymer of methyl methacrylate, butadiene and styrene) on tensile strength, weld line sensitivity, and impact thickness sensitivity of polycarbonate (PC)/ABS composites were studied. The results showed that due to the synergistic effects of compatible phase styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and rubber phase butadiene (PB), the tensile strength gradually decreased with the increase of ABS content. At the same time, the tensile strength factor showed a slight increase at first, then decreased and increased again, reaching the maximum value when the ABS content was 10%. The impact strength factor showed the strongest thickness sensitivity in the case of severe aggregation of PC or ABS. In addition, MBS could significantly increase the compatibility of PC and ABS, and led to a decrease of the sensitivity of tensile strength to weld line.
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  Synthesis andphotocatalytic activity of Ni²⁺doped TiO₂/RGO nanocomposites

  JIAO Yurong, ZHANG Dingkun, SUN Shaochao, GONG Ying, XIANG Yulin, ZHANG Jianghong, ZHANG Ya, YANG Chaolong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2165-2169. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.027

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  Graphene oxide (GO) was firstly prepared by a modified Hummers method, and then TiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method to synthesize TiO₂/RGO nanocomposite photocatalyst. Subsequently, Ni-supported TiO₂/RGO ternary composite photocatalyst (Ni@TiO₂/RGO) was synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method, using GO as the carrier, C₁₆H₃₆O₄Ti) and NiCl₂ as the precursors and polyethylenimine (PEI) as the crosslinking agent. The structure and properties of the compositions were analyzed by FTIR, DRS, SEM and EDS. The photocatalytic activity of the compositions were estimated by degradation of MB. The results showed that Ni@TiO₂/RGO composite photocatalyst had high photocatalytic activity and good recycling and regeneration ability, and the degradation rate reached 91.8% within 170min. After 8 cycles, the degradation rate could still reach 80%.
Process & Technology
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  Preparation and properties study of small particle size biomedical Fe₃O₄ nanoclusters

  LIU Yidan, ZUO Xianwei, QIAN Shifei, SONG Yuzhe, HAN Genliang, HE Yongcheng, WEI Tingxuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2170-2175. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.028

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  Super paramagnetic ferric oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanomaterials with small particle size, good dispersibility and abundant surface active groups have extremely high application value in the field of biomedicine. In this article, Fe₃O₄ nanoclusters (Fe₃O₄NCs) modified by polyacrylic acid (PAA) were prepared by microwave assisted polyol method, and the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time and precursor solution state on the formation of Fe₃O₄NCs were studied. Moreover, the morphology, structure, magnetic properties and surface active groups of the materials were analyzed by means of TEM, XRD, VSM and FT-IR. The results show that this method could be used to prepare superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄NCs with average particle size of 30 nm and 80 nm, and the obtained materials had uniform particle size, high saturation magnetization, rich surface carboxyl groups, and good dispersion in water. In this work, the preparation of Fe₃O₄ nanomaterials with many excellent properties could be achieved through a simple method, which overcame the shortcoming that the existing preparation methods cannot simultaneously regulate the various properties of Fe₃O₄ magnetic materials, and the preparation efficiency was also greatly improved by the microwave radiation heating method. This Fe₃O₄NCs with excellent performance would have broad application prospects in the fields of magnetic heat treatment, targeted drug delivery and medical detection.
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  Preparation and properties of BaTiO₃@TiO₂ nanocomposite electrode with N719 Dye sensitization

  DENG Jiaqi, SONG Bo, XIE Dongmei, LIN Yuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2176-2181. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.029

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  BaTiO₃ is a very common ferroelectric material, which is often used to prepare ferroelectric photovoltaic devices or combine with semiconductor devices to optimize the photoelectric performance of photovoltaic devices. BaTiO₃ nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and BaTiO₃ nanocrystalline films were prepared on FTO glass. Then different thicknesses of TiO₂ layers were formed on BaTiO₃ nanocrystalline films by TiCl₄ aqueous solution post-treatment. The physical phase and morphology of BaTiO₃@TiO₂ nanocrystalline films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The electrode was sensitized with N719 dye and used as a photoanode of dye sensitized solar cells, and photoelectric properties were tested. The result shows that the BaTiO₃ film was spherical porous and tetragonal structure with the average particle size of about 50 nm. TiO₂ particles of anatase phase were formed on the surface of BaTiO₃ thin film after TiCl₄ post-treatment. The dye sensitized solar cell prepared by hydrothermal synthesis of BaTiO₃ nanoparticles at 180 ℃ and treated by 4 times of post-treatment achieved the optimal performance, with the photocurrent density, open circuit voltage, fill factor and power conversion efficiency of 9.78 mA/cm², 765 mV, 76.1 % and 5.69 %, respectively.
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  Analysis of properties of loess-based ceramic membrane supports by three different pore-forming agents

  TONG Zhi, LI Yan, YAN Xiao, LIU Ting, WANG Jiayue, ZHOU Guangrui

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2182-2187. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.030

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  In this experiment, Luochuan loess was used as aggregate, and starch, coal powder and urea were used as pore-forming agents. A loess-based ceramic membrane support was prepared by a roll forming method with different pore-forming agents. The flexural strength, pore size distribution and acid-base corrosion rate of the support were researched by three-point bending method, mercury intrusion method, acid/base mass loss method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laboratory-made equipment. The properties of crystal phase composition, surface micro-morphology and pure water flux were analyzed and characterized. Through the comparative analysis of three kinds of pore-forming agents, under the same addition amount, the effect of different pore-forming agents on the pure water flux of the support was starch, pulverized coal and urea. The effect of the anti-folding strength was starch, pulverized coal and urea. Among comprehensive factors, starch was determined to be the best pore former. The results showed that the optimum addition amount of starch was 8%, the flexural strength of the support was 36.25 MPa, the pure water flux was 6232.11 L/ (m²·h·MPa), the acid-base corrosion rate was 0.07/0.02%, and the median pore diameter was 0.031/0.02%. The median pore diameter was 5.36777 um, and the main peak pore size distribution range was 0.105 um-8.223 um.
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  Effect of transverse magnetic annealing process on magnetic and mechanical properties ofFinemet alloy

  LI Mingrui, CHENG Hao, LI Weihuo

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2188-2192. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.031

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  In order to improve the magnetic and mechanical properties of Finemet alloy, the alloy was heat treated by transverse magnetic annealing to study the effect of annealing process on the magnetic and mechanical properties of the alloy. The Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_15.5B₇ amorphous alloy with wide application in the market is used. The object was subjected to a magnetic field heat treatment by using a transverse magnetic annealing furnace. The crystal phase structure of the sample was measured by an X-ray diffractometer, a SQUID-VSM instrument, and a nanoindenter, and the magnetic properties and mechanical properties were shown. Nanocrystals were formed in the Finemet alloy amorphous ribbon after the transverse magnetic heat treatment, and the hysteresis loop became flat. As the annealing temperature increased, the plasticity deteriorated, but the hardness increased.
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  Preparation of N-doped Cu₂O and its photocatalytic activity

  QIANG Yikai, WANG Xinzhi, YANG Yingcun, YE Zhixiang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2193-2197. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.032

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  In this paper, a photocatalytic material of N-doped Cu₂O was prepared by reducing Cu²⁺with hydrazine hydrate. And it was characterized by UV-vis DRS, PL, XRD, XPS and FT-IR. The results indicate that the absorption spectrum of N-doped Cu₂O was blue-shifted, which had slightly wider band gap than pure Cu₂O. The photoluminescence peak produced by light excitation was weaker, which indicated that the photogenerated electron-hole pair produced in the photocatalysis reaction was easier to separate, so that the photocatalytic reaction could be carried out more efficiently. The doping of N inhibited the growth of Cu₂O crystallites, which affected the photocatalytic performance to some extent by changing its structural characteristics. Furthermore, the N-doped Cu₂O samples had excellent visible light photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation experiments of methyl orange simulated wastewater.
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  Effect of Zn₂SnO₄ doping on sintering temperature and energy storage performance of SrTiO₃ ceramics

  OU Yanglei, WANG Xiaofei, ZANG Guozhong, WANG Dandan, LI Liben

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2198-2202. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.033

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  SrTiO₃+xmol% Zn₂SnO₄ (x=1, 2, 5, 10) ceramics were prepared via the solid state reaction route. The effect of Zn₂SnO₄ doping on the sintering temperature and energy storage performance of SrTiO₃ ceramics were studied. The results show that the optimum sintering temperature of SrTiO₃ ceramics doped with Zn₂SnO₄ could be reduced from 1 400 ℃ to 1 200 ℃. With the increase of Zn₂SnO₄ addition, the dielectric constant of SrTiO₃ ceramics decreased gradually, and the breakdown strength and energy storage density first increased and then decreased. The highest breakdown strength of 250 kV/cm and the highest energy storage density of 1.06 J/cm³were achieved for SrTiO₃ ceramics with 2 mol% Zn₂SnO₄ additions, which was about 1.8 times higher than that of pure SrTiO₃ ceramics. The in-depth study shows that the average grain size of SrTiO₃ ceramics decreased from 5.5 μm to about 0.8 μm due to the decrease of sintering temperature, which increased the relative content of grain boundary and improved the insulation properties of the materials, thus enhancing the breakdown electric field of SrTiO₃ ceramics, and ultimately leading to the increase of energy storage density of SrTiO₃ ceramics.
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  Preparation and adsorption property study of CTS-g-PAA/ATP hydrogel

  DUAN Xianyang, HE mengqi, XU Jihong, YANG Zhonglian

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2203-2208. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.034

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  CTS-g-P AA/ATP hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of chitosan (CTS), acrylic (AA), attapulgite clay (ATP) by microwave radiation. The structure of the hydrogel was analyzed by FTIR and SEM, and the adsorption mechanism and property of hydrogel to methylene blue were discussed. The results showed that the graft copolymerization of CTS, ATP and AA took place, forming a uniform three-dimensional network composite superabsorbent gel. The adsorption capacity of MB on the hydrogel was 147 mg/g and 330 mg/g, respectively, when 2 mmol/L NaCl and SDS were added into 200 mL 200 mg/L MB solution. When the solution pH was between 4 and 7, the adsorption capacity of the hydrogel to MB was constant, and the adsorption capacity was 300 mg/g. It was seen that the Freundlich model fitted the adsorption data better than the Langmuir model. The adsorption kinetics of MB by hydrogel satisfied the quasi-second-order kinetic model.
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  Preparation of Al₂O₃ thin films by magnetron sputtering and its corrosion resistance

  WU Kunyao, LIU Qiang, LU Yuanyuan, SUN Le

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2209-2213. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.035

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  The Al₂O₃ thin films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering coating technology with high purity aluminum as the target and oxygen as the reaction gas. The sputtering power (60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 W) was deposited on the 304 stainless steel substrate. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the film were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion resistance of Al₂O₃ film was investigated by electrochemical workstation. The results show that the prepared Al₂O₃ film was flat, uniform and dense, and had a good preferred orientation on the (217) surface. The sputtering power had a great influence on the corrosion resistance of the film. With the increase of sputtering power, the corrosion resistance increased first and then decreased. The film prepared at 150 W had the best corrosion resistance.
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  Analysis ofchemical states and wettability of PTFE irradiated by Ni⁺

  DAN Min, LIJian, WANG Xinchao, DONG Sicheng, WANG Kun, JIN Fanya

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(2): 2214-2220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.02.036

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  To improve the surface activity and wettability of PTFE and increase the bonding strength of coatings, surface modification was accomplished by Ni⁺implantation with five different energies of 10 kV, 15 kV, 20 kV, 25 kV and 30 kV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurement were used to investigate the influence of different energies on the wettability. The results show that defluorination reaction occurred on the surface of PTFE and free radicals such as C—O and C=O were formed during the injection. The wettability of the obtained surface was significantly improved compared with that of the untreated material. The wettability angle decreased with the injection energy increasing. The surface wettability was the best when the injection energy was 30 kV. The contact angle of subwater and diiodomethane decreased from 110.5° and 78.2° to 22.4° and 49.8° and the surface energy increased from 18.58 mJ/m²to 67.4 mJ/m². The proportion of polar component increased from 1.42% to 69.9%.