30 October 2018, Volume 49 Issue 10
    

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    Focuses & Concern(The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2017)
  • CHEN Tingting, JI Chong, WANG Jun, JIN Qiao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10001-10005. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.001
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    Spatially nonuniform stresses induced shape deformations represent a powerful tool to fabricate “four dimensional (4D) materials”, which are featured by shape changes on the time scale. Previous experimental methods, however, mainly focus on reversible shape shifts, restricting the applications in the fields of biomedical implants, electronic devices, etc. More importantly, most of these methods suffer from difficulties in reshaping, since the geometric information is defined permanently. Herein, a new kind of self-shaping materials is described to offer both stable three dimensional (3D) shapes and shape reprogrammability by creatively fusing the superiorities of the shape memory polymers and the internal stress induced shape deformations. A pre-strained shape memory polymer Nafion, which was optically transparent, was chosen as the substrate. Black patterns “painted” on the substrate offered spatially heterogeneous light absorption, which heated the substrate locally. As a result, the fabricated materials afforded complicated yet predictable 3D shape transitions. More impressively, the painted patterns and the obtained 3D shapes could be erased by immersion in ethanol and heating, which demonstrated that the materials could be reprogrammed to afford different deformations.
  • SONG Wei, NIE Yang, LI Shibo, LI Shunyi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10006-10011. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.002
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    The TiO2 photocatalyst coated on spherical alumina supporter was prepared by using sol-gel method to produce colloidal TiO2 and dip-coating press. The surface structure of the synthesized samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). With toluene gas as the target pollutant, the prepared coated TiO2 photocatalyst material was filled into a self-made tube type photo-catalytic reactor in order to study its photocatalytic degradation performance. The results show that the morphology of the coated TiO2 photocatalyst material was obviously different from that of the original coat. It reveals that a smooth and uniform layer formed by anatase TiO2 was deposited on the alumina supporter. The adsorption of anatase TiO2 towards ultraviolet light source is higher than other crystal phase TiO2. The influence of coating type, light source, toluene inlet concentration, residence time, relative humidity and other factors on the photocatalytic performance of coated TiO2 photocatalyst material was investigated. It was found that under the same conditions, the coated type TiO2 is 20% higher than the sprayed type TiO2 about removing toluene gas. In addition, the removal rate of toluene by coated TiO2 photocatalyst material can be up to 80%, when the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 254 nm, the inlet concentration of toluene is 43 mg/m3, the residence time of toluene gas is 117 s, and the relative humidity of gas is 70%.
  • LIAO Rong, LIU Huijun, KE Jiachong, LI Yongchun, LIAO Hongtao, LUO Zhiyong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10012-10015. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.003
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    By using the atomic layer deposition method, zinc oxide nanotubes with uniform size, regular morphology and good crystal quality were successfully prepared. The surface morphology and phase of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction instrument and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the obtained ZnO nanoparticles are of hexagonal wurtzite structure. The outer diameter of the nanotubes is 2 μm, and the wall thickness is 150 nm. The polycarbonate film with other pore diameter and different atomic layer deposition cycles can be used to control the thickness of the pipe wall to obtain the ZnO nanotubes with different diameters. The method is simple and easy to operate without any intermediate product, so the industrial production can be realized.
  • XI Rui, YUAN Jinhai, ZOU Mingming, XU Jing, SU Xiaodong, QIU Huidong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10016-10019. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.004
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    For the spinel ferrite with different cations match, there is a different charge characteristics. The chemical coprecipitation method was used to prepare nickel-manganese ferrite precursor by adding MnCl2· 4H2O, FeCl3·6H2O and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O solution into NaOH solution and calcining at 600 ℃ for 3 h to obtain nickel-manganese ferrite. The morphology, size and structure of Ni-Mn ferrites were characterized by SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The results show that the nickel-manganese ferrite is a spinel soft magnetic material with a forbidden band width of about 1.14 eV, a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 10 A·m2/kg and a coercive force (Hc) of 9 950 A/m. Synthetic nickel-manganese ferrite can be used as an effective photocatalyst.
  • DING Yutian, CHEN Jianjun, GAO Yubi, XU Jiayu, CHAI Liqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10020-10025. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.005
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    PEN/Ti nanocomposite films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering at 7.0×10-1 Pa and different sputtering power (72-144 W). The effects of sputtering power on the microstructure, surface roughness, hardness and growth mode of the Ti films were studied. The results show that Ti film deposited on PEN flexible substrate by DC magnetron sputtering is a kind of nano-polycrystalline film. Besides, the deposition rate and the elastic modulus of Ti films increase with sputtering power increasing, while the surface roughness and the grain size of the Ti films decrease. Meanwhile, the mode of columnar growth is inhibited with the increase of sputtering power. When the sputtering pressure is 7.0×10-1 Pa and the sputtering power is 144 W, the composite film with the best properties is obtained.
  • Review & Advanc
  • LIU Shuqiang, QIN Yuancheng, DAI Weili, ZHOU Dan, WANG Guohao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10026-10038. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.006
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    Donor-acceptor organic polymer solar cells are thin film solar cells made of organic conjugated materials. Fluor-polymer materials have been applied to the functional materials of organic solar cells due to their excellent physicochemical properties for presence of fluorine atoms, which can not only improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic solar cells but also enhance the stability of the battery. At present, the reported photoelectric conversion efficiency based on photovoltaic devices containing F polymer has reached the highest of 12%, and the application prospect is huge. In this paper, the research progress of three kinds of acceptor units containing F-organic donor materials are reviewed in recent years. The effects of the number of F atoms and the location of the region on the performance of the device are briefly analyzed. Finally, the development of fluorine conjugated polymer organic solar cells in the future are prospected.
  • MAO Yiqin, DING Lijun, WANG Hao, LIU Dan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10039-10042. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.007
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    In this paper, the antimicrobial properties, mechanism and application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reviewed. The antimicrobial activity and influencing factors of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are described. Single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibit high antibacterial performance. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes need to be modified to achieve good antibacterial effect. The action mechanism of carbon nanotubes on bacteria is mainly cell membrane damage, oxidative stress response and cell adhesion and other modes of action. Finally, the application of carbon nanotubes in water purification, medical materials and food antimicrobial materials is also briefly introduced. Due to the toxicity and cost concerns, applications of CNTs face enormous challenges.
  • LIU Shengwei, YANG Chong, PENG Yan, GAO Xinliang, WU Lu, SHI Baodong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10043-10052. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.008
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    In this paper, the basic characteristics of magnesium alloy crystalare introduced and the two kinds of deformation mechanisms of slip and twin in the plastic deformation process of magnesium alloyare summarized. The plastic deformation of magnesium alloy is the result of the competition between the two mechanisms of slip and twin. The phenomenon of twinning and detwinning in the plastic deformation of magnesium alloyare explained and the classical plasticity model and theory, such as Taylor model, Sachs model, crystalline plastic finite element model and viscoplastic self-consistent model are briefly introduced. The theoretical study on the plasticity of magnesium alloyis introduced. It includes the mechanical properties of plastic deformation, and the initiation and texture evolution of various slip and twinning mechanisms during crystal plastic deformation. Simulated by using VPSC and CPFE, the influence of various deformation mechanisms during plastic deformation is analyzed in macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic scale.
  • Research & Development
  • ZHANG Jiaojiao, WANG Hefeng, XING Xuegang, YANG Shangyu, WANG Hao, SIMA Lin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10053-10058. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.009
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    TiO2 nanotubes were prepared on the surface of Ti-16Zr alloy by anodizing. Then Cu was deposited on TiO2 nanotubes by potentiostatic electrodeposition to obtained Cu/TiO2. The corrosion behavior of Ti-16Zr alloy, TiO2 nanotubes and Cu/TiO2 were measured in artificial body fluids. The results showed that the regular and orderly TiO2 nanotube array was formed on the matrix Ti-16Zr alloy. The average diameter and wall thickness of TiO2 nanotubes are about 110 nm and 20 nm, respectively. After deposition of Cu on TiO2 nanotubes, the surface was covered by relatively uniform and dense micronsized spherical particles and the obvious agglomeration was observed. Pitting corrosion occurred on TiO2 nanotubes and Cu/TiO2, while uniform corrosion occurred on Ti-16Zr alloy.The corrosion resistance of samples in artificial body fluids can be sorted in the following sequence: Ti-16Zr>TiO2 nanotube>Cu/TiO2, which means matrix Ti-16Zr has the best corrosion resistance in artificial body fluids.
  • DU Chuan, WANG Jiadao, WU Tengfei, LIU Xiaohong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10059-10064. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.010
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    PPS filter material has been widely used in the filtration of flue gas due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, high-temperature resistance, etc. However, PPS filter material can be easily oxidative damaged, thus shorten its service life. Response to this case, PPS filter materials were treated by impregnated coating and self-assembled coating using PTFE nanoparticles, respectively, and their surface and filtration properties were compared by SEM, tensile strength tester and the VDI dynamic filtration performance test instrument in this paper. The results show that the coverage rate of the PTFE nanoparticles on the fiber surface of PPS filter materials treated by self-assembled coating using PTFE nanoparticles (PTFE self-assembled PPS) was more than 95%, which was much higher than that of PPS filter materials treated by impregnated coating using PTFE nanoparticles (PTFE impregnated PPS). Besides, no excess agglomerated PTFE nanoparticles in the fiber voids for PTFE self-assembled PPS. PTFE self-assembled PPS displayed excellent resistance to acid and alkali corrosion, oxidation resistance, and filtration-cleaning performance compared with pure PPS and PTFE impregnated PPS due to the protective effect of PTFE on the fiber surface. Therefore, the self-assembly process has opened up an innovative alternative for preparing high-life and easy-cleaning PPS filter materials rather than using impregnation process.
  • CHEN Hui, DONG Bangshao, ZHOU Shaoxiong, LI Jingbo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10065-10070. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.011
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    The electronic properties of the TiS3 monolayer and the effects of strains on the electronic structure of TiS3 are investigated by using first-principles methods. The simulated results show that TiS3 monolayer is a semiconductor with direct band gap of 1.06 eV, which is in accord with experimental value. TiS3 is prone to deform along a direction. Band gaps, valence band maximum, and conduction band minimum exhibit different responses to the impact of strains along different directions. Interestingly, the direct band gap of TiS3 is converted to be indirect when compressive strain along b axis reaches 6%. Moreover, the electron and hole effective mass along different directions is insensitivity to tensile strains. However, the effective mass manifests strong anisotropy when TiS3 exposes in-plane b-axial and uniaxial compressive strains. It is of profound significance for understanding the stress regulation of electronic structure of TiS3 in depth.
  • LIN Jing, LYU Ping, HUANG Weibo, MA Mingliang, SONG Yilong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10071-10074. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.012
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    In this paper, the changes of mechanical properties and surface properties of two pure polyurea coatings (QF-163 coating and QF-165 coating) in seawater immersion environment with 120 days were studied. The changes of internal chemical bonds before and after coating corrosion were observed with Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results of mechanical properties study showed that after 120 days of seawater immersion, the tensile strength of QF-163 coating decreased by 13.59%, the elongation at break decreased by 23.15% and the hardness changed slightly and increased by 1.10%, while the tensile strength of QF-165 coating decreased by 13.29%, the elongation at break decreased by 8.66%, and the hardness increased by 1.10%. Surface performance results showed that contact angles of both kinds of coating decreased with the increase of immersion time, but surface energy were both increased. After soaking 120 d, the contact angle of QF-163 coating decreased by 7.77% and that QF-165 coating decreased by 4.46%. FT-IR microscopic results showed that there was no obvious fracture phenomenon in the internal chemical bonds of QF-163 pure polyurea coating and QF-165 pure polyurea coating, and the coatings had good corrosion resistance to seawater immersion.
  • LI Baoyi, ZHANG Huanhuan, WANG Donghong, ZHANG Zekui, ZHAO Yajuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10075-10079. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.013
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    In order to solve the problems such as singleness of the absorption mechanism, difficulty of dispersion and inability of broadband absorption, carbon nanotubes were successfully prepared on the surface of acid oxidized carbon fiber by chemical grafting method. The effect of oxidation treatment on the carbon nanotubes modified carbon fiber and their electromagnetic properties were investigated. The results showed that the graft amount and graft efficiency of CNT were improved by oxidation treatment, resulting in the enhancement of the dielectric constant and the electromagnetic wave loss performance. At the condition of the nitric acid concentration of 65% and the reaction time of 8 h, the grafted CNTs on the surface of CF reached 15.3% without agglomeration, which showed a good electromagnetic wave absorption property.
  • DING Benjie, CHEN Jianbin, HUANG Bin, DU Jianke
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10080-10084. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.014
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    Magnetoelectric (ME) laminates consisting of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic phases have been proved to have very significant magnetoelectric coupling effects. The lack of single-phase magnetoelectric materials and their low performance at room temperature make the ME composites become the ideal materials to prepare the new generation electronic devices. Piezoelectric/magnetostrictive composite materials have extensive and important applications in fields such as magnetic field sensors, magnetoelectric transducers, microwave devices, resonators, etc. Due to their excellent force/electricity transfer function and rapid response characteristics, the key to obtaining a larger magnetoelectric coupling coefficient lies in the selection of suitable materials and device structures. They have attracted more and more attention in recent years. Finite element method was used to study the magnetoelectric coupling efficiency of layered magnetoelectric composites PMN-PT/Terfenol-D/ PMN-PT in various conditions. In the research, the effects of boundary conditions and size on magnetoelectric coupling performance were mainly studied. The researches show that when the upper and lower surfaces is fixed to the Y direction and the other surfaces are free, the length direction of the magnetoelectric composites is more obvious and the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is larger. The ferroelectric phase and ferromagnetic phase and magnetoelectric coupling efficiency show the non-linear relationship. The magnetoelectric coupling efficiency reaches the maximum valueof 3.354 (V/m)/(A/m), when the ferroelectric phase thickness is 1.1 mm and the ferromagnetic phase thickness is 1.9 mm. The results show that the length of ferromagnetic layer only has marginal effects on the magnetoelectric coupling efficiency after the length of the ferromagnetic layer reaches 10 mm. These results can be used to enhance the magnetoelectric coupling efficiency and save materials.
  • LI Mengxing, MENG Xianghai, ZHANG Hongbo, LI Xin, LIU Yabin, LI Yungang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10085-10093. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.015
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    In the NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO molten salt system, the dense Cu-Ni-W functionally graded material (FGM) was prepared by electrodeposition with W plate as the anode and Cu-Ni plate as the cathode. The influence of the composition of molten salt, current wave, current density, molten salt temperature and electrodeposition time on the characteristics of the gradient layer was studied, and the optimum technological conditions were determined. The surface composition and profile of Cu-Ni-W FGM were analyzed. The results show that the optimum technological conditions for the electrodeposition of Cu-Ni-W gradient materials are as follows. The molar ratio of the molten salt is n(NaCl)∶n(KCl)∶n(NaF)∶n(WO3)=0.3385∶0.3385∶0.25∶0.073, the current waveform is pulse current, the electrodeposition temperature is 700 ℃, the current density is 50 mA/cm2, and the electrodeposition time is 20 min.
  • LI Shaozhen, WANG Xiuzhang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10094-10097. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.016
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    Epitaxial Y3Fe5O12 film was prepared on Gd3Fe5O12 substrate by sputtering. Some Y3Fe5O12 samples were gotten through changing argon gas pressure. And all samples were annealed in air at 800 ℃ for 2 h by ramp up 180 ℃/h and ramp down 120 ℃/h. The results indicate that the thickness and properties for Y3Fe5O12 depend on argon gas pressure. When the pressure is 2.39 Pa, the magnetization for Y3Fe5O12 thin film is best. To apply Y3Fe5O12 thin film better, nano Y3Fe5O12 pattern was prepared via electron beam lithography. Meanwhile, the damping difference for nano Y3Fe5O12 pattern and thin film was compared.
  • TAN Xin, CHEN Luhua, LIU Yaoyao, LIU Zhixin, WEI Xueyuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10098-10103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.017
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    The adsorption and diffusion behavior of alkali metal atoms at three high symmetry sites on the surface of DV defect graphene were systematically investigated by the first-principle method based on density functional theory. Compared with intrinsic graphene, it’s easier for alkali metal atoms to be absorbed on the surface of DV-defective graphene, and the absorption would be more stable when the alkali metal atoms are located directly above the DV defect. The charge density distribution and Bader charge calculations show that the combination shows ionic properties, and the charge transfers from the alkali metal atoms to the graphene. The results of migration calculations show that the presence of DV defects is harmful to the migration of alkali metal atoms on the graphene surface.
  • LUO Daobin, SHI Bo, QIAN Lailai, QIN Yipan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10104-10107. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.018
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    The extinction properties and near field distribution characteristics of Au-Ag alloy nanospheres were studied theoretically, and the radius of the particles and the regulation of the alloy ratio on the optical properties were analyzed as well. By analyzing the extinction characteristics of Au-Ag nanoparticles, it is found that the Au-Ag alloy particles can achieve high pass filtering in the visible light band by optimizing the composite particle radius and the proportion of the alloy. Under the specific incident wavelength, the enhancement factor of the field distribution around the nanoparticles can be modulated by changing the alloy ratio.
  • WU Yuanbo, YUAN Liping, HUANG Zizhi, HU Yunchu, TANG Liandong, LI Hui, HU Jinbo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10108-10116. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.019
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    In this paper, the effects of heteropolyacids on pyrolysis process of poplar powder and its mechanism were studied by comparing the pyrolysis process and characteristic parameters of heat and smoke release of poplar powder treated with H3PMo12O40(PMA), H3PW12O40(PTA) and H3SiW12O40(TSA). The TG and DTG curves of samples were determined by thermogravimetric analyzer. And the heat release rate(HRR), total heat release(THR), smoke produce release (SPR) and total smoke produce (TSP) were measured by cone calorimetry (CONE). Besides, the FT-IR and Raman spectrometers were used to characterize the residual char. TGA results showed that three heteropolyacids could effectively decrease the initial pyrolysis temperature(Ti), the maximum weight loss temperature(Tmax) and the maximum weight loss rate(Rmax) of poplar wood and increase the char yield at 740 ℃(CR740 ℃). S-wood/PMA had the lowest Tmax and Rmax among all samples, which were decreased by 17.5% and 23.3% than S-wood, respectively. And S-wood/PTA had the highest CR740 ℃, followed by S-wood/TSA. The CONE results showed that parameters of HRR, THR, SPR, TSP, and COY of the heteropolyacid/poplar samples were significantly reduced. S-wood/PMA also had the lowest parameters of heat and smoke release, whose peak heat release rate(PHRR) and THR were decreased by 31.6% and 67.5% and the TSR and TSP were 86.01% and 87.5% lower than those of S-wood, respectively. And FT-IR and Roman spectrums showed that the content of associated O—H and unsaturated CC in the residual char of the heteropolyacid/poplar samples were increased significantly, and ester bonds, MoO3, WO3 and SiO2 formed. Furthermore, AD/AG of heteropolyacid/poplar samples was decreased. Therefore, heteropolyacids catalyze the dehydration of poplar powder into esters and the solidify of poplar powder into carbon by pyrolysis, which effectively slows down the pyrolysis rate and inhibits the pyrolysis process of poplar powder, exhibiting good flame retardancy and excellent smoke suppression effect. And H3PMo12O40 has the best flame retardant and smoke suppression effects on poplar powder among the three heteropolyacids.
  • XU Yang, LI Bin, ZHOU Xiaojian, LI Taohong, DU Guanben
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10117-10122. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.020
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    In this work, the bayberry tannin was analyzed using conventional chemical structure methods, and then this tannin was used to mix the furfuryl alcohol and other additives to prepare tannin foams. The apparent density, powdering degree, water absorption, compression strength, flame retardancy and foam cell morphology of these foams were characterized. The obtained results revealed that the as-prepared tannin foams are uniformly distributed in pore size and morphology with a controllable density. The highest compressive strength of the foam is 0.23 MPa parallel to the foam rising direction. As a flame-retardant material, the foam’s oxygen index is 34.71%. The 24 h water absorption rate is as high as 842.07%. Thus, the foam has a great potential in the field of flowers moisturizer.
  • SHI Chunjuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10123-10126. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.021
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    Basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites and basalt-carbon nanofiber reinforced polymer (BF-CNFRP) composites were prepared by using basalt fiber (BF) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) as reinforcing phases.The mechanical properties and fracture morphology of the composites such as tensile, bending and impact were studied by universal testing machine and SEM.The results showed that BF-CNFRP composites with 0.5wt% CNF had stronger tensile strength and the tensile strength increased by about 20%;In bending test has better residual flexural strength and bending performance, when the temperature above 50 ℃, the bending strength increased by 13%-15%;In the impact test, it showed better energy absorption and deformation performance, and the impact strength was increases by 8%-17%.The fracture interface of the composite was observed by SEM, and the mechanism of action at the interface of BFRP and BF-CNFRP was discussed, which provided theoretical support for the improvement of mechanical properties of BF-CNFRP composite.
  • FAN Jinfu, LIU Meng, ZHANG Xiaochen, QU Wenjuan, LI Shaoxiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10127-10132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.022
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    Carboxymethyl chitosan was further modified by introducing a hydrophobic moiety to become surface-active polymers. Carboxymethyl chitosan thiosulfate derivatives with high activity were synthesized. The synthesized products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The cmch and thio-cmch on Q235B steel were studied by corrosion and electrochemical experiments. Inhibition performance of oilfield reinjection water, and metal corrosion morphology were analyzed by hot stage microscope. The results show that the cmch increases first and then flattens with the increase of the content, and the corrosion inhibition rate reaches a maximum of 87.81% at 200 mg/L. The thio-cmch tends to be gradual with the increase of the content, and the corrosion inhibition rate of 93.89% is the maximum at 300 mg/L. The adsorption of cmch and thio-cmch on the surface of carbon steel follows the Langmuir law, which is a spontaneous mixed inhibitor.
  • QIU Jiaxin, JIANG Qi, GAO Yike, PENG Junqi, LU Xiaoying, HU Ailin, XU Jun , CAI Yudong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10133-10139. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.023
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    A series of lithium-rich manganese based cathode materials were prepared by staged high temperature solid phase method via changing the cobalt nickel mol ratio (CN ratio). The first charge discharge performances, cycle performance and rate performances of the obtained samples were focused on. The structure and morphology of the obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen absorption desorption analyzer. The galvanostatic charge discharge curves, cyclic voltammetry curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy curves were used to characterize the samples’ electrochemical performances. The research results show that the layered structure (α-NaFeO2) of the samples is more and more perfect with increasing the CN ratio. At the same time, the agglomeration degree of the samples increases constantly. However, the specific surface area of the samples increases first and then decrease. The sample with 1∶1 CN ratio has a good low rate performance (204 mAh/g at 0.2 C) and cycle performance (97.1% capacity retention rate at 0.5 C after 40 cycles). The sample with 1∶1.6 CN ratio has the best rate performances at 2 C among the samples.
  • Process & Technology
  • LIU Ju, WAN Long, HONG Qiu, CHANG Chuang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10140-10144. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.024
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    Inverse microemulsion method was used to prepare spherical ceramic binder diamond stacked abrasives with inorganic sol as the binder, ordinary diamond powder as single grain abrasive, and 2-ethylhexanol,ethanol and OP-10 as the microemulsion, respectively. The effects of different binder dosage on the fronts of microstructure and polishing performance of spherical diamond stacked abrasive were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, surface roughness tester, and other methods. Results show that at the temperature of 660 ℃, 2-ethylhexanol and other organic substances could be fully decomposed, and the diamond particles could be coated by sol binder in the form of thin film. Diamond stacked abrasives with better sphericity could be obtained inverse microemulsion method, and their grain sizes could be controlled in 50-100 μm. Polishing experiments show that with the increase of binder content, the polishing rate increased first and then decreased. When the binder content was about 50 wt%, the processing efficiency was highest, and the surface roughness of the glass decreased first and then increased. When the binder dose was about 55 wt%, the surface consistency of the glass workpiece was good with the lowest roughness of about 0.095 μm.
  • LIU Xiao, SUN Zhigao, LI Juan, LI Cuimin, HUANG Haifeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10145-10149. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.025
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    The binary eutectic mixture was prepared by combining myristic acid (MA) and tetradecyl alcohol (TD) as an energy storage element. Using the sol-gel method, MA-TD/SiO2 composite phase change material was prepared with silica as carrier material. The optimum mass ratio of MA-TD phase change material and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is 1∶2, determined by diffusion-penetration method at the temperature of 70 ℃. The result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the appearance of composite phase change material is nearly spherical and energy storage elements are fixed to the SiO2 porous network. The DSC test results show that the initial phase transition temperature of the composite phase change material is 23.46 ℃ and the phase change latent heat is 83.07 kJ/kg. The FT-IR test presents that PCM and SiO2 are physically complexed and no new material appears. The weight loss rate of MA-TD/SiO2 composite phase change materials is only 0.67% after 300 cycles between 0 and 60 ℃, which indicates that it has good thermal stability.
  • ZHOU Junling, SHI Mingjia, LONG Dan, WANG Guanran, SHI Hongmin, LI Shuanghong, LIU Minghao, Zhang Binxin, LI Zhenyu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10150-10154. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.026
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    Silica aerogels as a new type of light, porous nano materials, because of its unique structure and excellent heat insulation performance, in the high temperature heat insulation, adsorption, catalysis and other fields has a broad application prospect. It is of great importance to the application and development of silica aerogel. In this paper, dimethyl dimethoxy silane (DMDMS) and methyl silane (MTMTS) as the top three oxygen radicals hybrid silicon source, methanol and water as solvent, on the basis of the original high hydrophobic further in polyester fiber, for enhanced phase, by sol-gel and atmospheric pressure drying step, implements the toughening SiO2 the preparation of aerogel composite materials. The average pore diameter of the aerogels was 5-10 μm. The pore volume of aerogels is about 5.52 cm3/g. The maximum anti-pressure is around 6 MPa. The repeated adsorption times can reach more than 30 times, and the optimal adsorption is 6.5 g/g. It is expected to be used in adsorption materials and other fields.
  • LU Zhenzhen, ZHANG Qi, HE Yang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10155-10159. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.027
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    Raw materials in this experiment are zinc oxide(ZnO), selenium powder(Se) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4). ZnO/ZnSe core/shell nanowires with different temperatures(50,70,90 ℃) were fabricated by dip-coating method. And structure, morphology and photocatalytic properties of these samples will be studied in detail by transmission electron microscope(TEM), Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and photocatalytic properties test.The results show that: the reaction temperatures of samples are higher, ZnSe particles attached to the surface of ZnO are denser, core-shell structure of nanowires is more obvious, the degradation rate of these samples is more rapid and the effect of degrading of ZnO/ZnSe core/shell nanowires is more significant in the Halogen lamp irradiation. However, 70℃ is the optimum reaction temperature to fabricate ZnO/ZnSe core/shell nanowires when convenience of fabrication process and environmental protection are taken into consideration.
  • SONG Mousheng, ZHANG Jie, LI Yong, WANG Ying
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10160-10165. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.028
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    Using manganese residue as the main material, along with some talc, bauxite and quartz, the anorthite and enstatite ceramics were produced at 1 100-1 200 ℃ by the solid phase sintering. It is found that the monophased anorthite could be systhesized at 1 100-1 200 ℃ sintering temperatures, but enstatite phase could be fabricated only the sintering temperature exceeding 1 140 ℃, and the “overburning” would occur once the temperature reaching 1 200 ℃. Also, the heavy metallic ion Mn2+ in the green compact can dissolve into the crystalline lattice of product, which realizes the “detoxication” to Mn pollution. The thermal shock testing shows that, with the thermal shock number rising, the strength of anorthite/enstatite multiphase ceramics synthesized at 1 160 ℃ lowed down firstly, and then gradually rose again and tended to stability. After 30 thermal cycles, the bending strength of composite still reached 102.45 MPa, only 2.21 MPa decrease and 2.11% loss comparing to before thermal shock. Thermal shock is similar to the quenching strengthening, and the low thermal expansivities of anorthite and enstatite are also responsible for the excellent thermal shock resistance of composite.
  • PEI Junshen, CHEN Yong, GU Kechen, PENG Xiaohong, CHEN Yi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10166-10171. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.029
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    The S-doped nano-TiO2/diatomite composite photocatalyst was prepared by ultrasonic assisted sol-gel with butyl titanate as precursor, thiourea as S source and diatomite as carrier. The catalyst was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),X-ray diffraction (XRD),UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy spectrum Analytical (EDS) analysis. The effects of calcination temperature, different S doping amount, TiO2 loading and repeated use on the photocatalytic properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of catalyst prepared under the calcination temperature of 500 ℃, S doping amount of 7.5%, TiO2 loading of 40%, under the irradiation of 500 W UV lamp, the photocatalytic removal rate of TNT (50 mg/L) is the best, and the composite material had good recyclability.
  • ZHANG Hailin, LIN Tongzhi, CHEN Xiuli, ZHOU Huanfu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10172-10175. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.030
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    The 0.67MgO-0.33B2O3 ceramics were prepared by solid phase method from commercial MgO and B2O3.The effect of sintering temperature and sintering time on crystal phase, dielectric constant of ceramic material were studied by X-ray powder diffractometer and Ajimide method.Results show that 0.67MgO-0.33B2O3 ceramics coexists in two phases when the sintering temperature higher than 1 350 ℃. The ceramic dielectric constants did not change significantly when sintering temperature between 1 290-1 350 ℃.The change of sintering time has a great influence on the quality factor of 0.67MgO-0.33B2O3 ceramics.The 0.67MgO-0.33B2O3 ceramics has the largest quality factor 270 200 GHz and a low dielectric constant with the value of 7.6 when the ceramics was sintering at 1 330 for 1 h.
  • CHEN Nannan, JI Chenchen, LI Zhiwei, MI Hongyu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10176-10183. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.031
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    N/P co-doped hierarchically porous carbon materials were successfully prepared using polypyrrole (PPy) as carbon precursors via a one-step carbonization-activation method. The electrochemical capacitive behavior of the prepared carbons was systematically studied in 6 mol/L KOH and 1 mol/L Na2SO4 electrolytes. The specific surface area of carbon material (A-Z0) after activation was found to be 1 433 m2/g with a total pore volume of 0.96 cm3/g. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents were 1.78% and 0.24%, respectively. The synergistic effect of high specific surface area, hierarchical porosity and N/P functionalities resulted in an excellent electrochemical characteristic of A-Z0 material. Specific capacitances of A-Z0 reached 209.3 and 176 F/g at current densities of 0.5 and 30 A/g, respectively, showing high specific capacitance and outstanding rate performance. In addition, A-Z0 exhibited superior cyclic stability (98% retention after 10 000 cycles at 4 A/g). The A-Z0 based symmetric capacitor was assembled and delivered high energy density of 13.3 Wh/kg in neutral electrolyte, indicating potential applicability of A-Z0 material in supercapacitors.
  • YUAN Xiaoya, ZENG Junjie, NIU Jiawei, QIN Zehai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10184-10189. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.032
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    Graphene oxide (GO) is easily precipitated in high-calcium and high-alkaline cement pastes. In this paper, the dispersion effects of different water-reducing, such as different polycarboxylates (PC1, PC2, PC3), sulfamic acid (A1), and aliphatic (B1), on GO were studied, and the effect different water-reducing on compressive strength, flexural strength and fluidity of GO compounded cement mortar was investigated. The results showed that the mechanical strength of the cement mortar specimens with GO addition was the largest when the GO content was 0.03%. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the cement mortar sample with GO addition were increased by 45.26% and 50.66% compared with the blank samples. 28 d compressive strength and flexural strength also increased by 27.24% and 9.3% compared with the blank samples. In terms of fluidity, compared with the blank specimens, except for PC1, several other water-reducing agents could make the flow of GO-mixed mortar almost unchanged. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results of the hardened cement showed that the addition of PC2 could effectively promote the growth of Aft crystals of the early cement hydration product, and greatly improved the early flexural and compressive strength of the cement mortar. The results of infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy(Raman) showed that the water-reducing PC2 could make GO more disperse in the simulated cement slurry, and the epoxy group in GO could participate in the cement hydration reaction, making a strong interface force between GO and cement hydration products.
  • LIU Huan, ZHAO Jiangtao, SHEN Jincheng, DONG Lei, WANG Chen, YAO Lei, YANG Haitao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10190-10193. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.033
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    LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 ceramic target was prepared by the conventional atmospheric solid-phase sintering method. The effects of the sintering temperature on the phase and crystal structure, relative density and bending strength of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM, 523) ceramic target were investigated. The analysis result of the NCM ceramic target indicated that the ceramic target has the best properties when it is sintered at 1 100 ℃. The relative density is 98.8%, and the bending strength reaches 65.7 MPa. In this case, its mechanical properties can meet the requirement for the target of a RF magnetron sputtering application and its fabrication process can be scaled up.
  • ZHU Huanwen, DAN Yaqian, WANG Jun, LI Yuliang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10194-10198. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.034
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    By adjusting the pore size of the porous anodic alumina (AAO) template, electron beam evaporation was used to evaporate silver on the surface of the AAO template. Then gold was deposited to obtain the surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) substrate with an Au@Ag structure. The characteristics of samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the sample presents a reticulate micro-nano Au@Ag structure, and the substrate shows the highest enhancement ability. When it was used for the residue identification of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) solution, SERS detects that the residual concentration of R6G can be as low as 10-12 mol/L. The experimental method with simple operation, low cost, and high-yield can provide a possible solution for preparing highly sensitive and highly stable SERS substrates.
  • LI Ning, LI Zhen, XIONG Xiaoli, CHEN Shengmin, ZHANG Ke, LI Yougang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10199-10204. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.035
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    Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) emulsions were prepared by solvent-free method using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and neopentyl glycol adipate diol as main raw materials, triethylamine as neutralizer, and ethylenediamine as chain extender in the preparation procedure. The influence of stirring speed, neutralization time of triethylamine, emulsification temperature, water addition speed and chain extension method of ethylenediamine on the properties of WPU emulsions was studied. The results showed that under the conditions of rotation speed 3 000 r/min, neutralization time 5 min, emulsification temperature 40 ℃, water adding speed 50 mL/min and post-chain extension method, the waterborne polyurethane emulsion with (180±19) nm particle diameters was obtained. The waterborne polyurethane emulsion has good storage stability, and the film formed by the emulsion has good mechanical properties.
  • ZHOU Yuan, CAI Yanzhi, LI Yuxiang, WU Huaxia
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10205-10210. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.036
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    The K0.5Na0.5NbO3 powders was prepared through ethylene glycol solvothermal method, the influence of V(EG)/V(H2O),reaction temperature and precursor concentration on phase、 morphology and partical size of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 powders were studied. The results show that: the reaction condition of pure K0.5Na0.5NbO3 powders is achieved that the temperature is 230 ℃, reaction time is 7 h and VV(EG)/V(H2O)≤3∶2. the crystallization of powders is poor with the increase of temperature; The powders show Spherical and Cube morphology when the concentration is 6 mol/L; the powders all show cube morphology and the particle size decreased with increasing of reactant concentration, when reactant concentration is 10 mol/L and V(EG)/V(H2O)=1∶4, the particle size is the smallest.
  • ZHENG Yu, HU Ping, ZHENG Xin, HUANG Zhenxiong, LI Ke, HUANG Zhenghua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10211-10215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.037
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    Polyurethane prepolymers were synthesized firstly by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polyoxypropylene glycol 2000 (PPG2000) and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), then epoxy resin (E44) was ring opened to synthesize epoxy-modified waterborne polyurethane (EWPU). The effects of different factors on the performance of EWPU and coating film were tested. Firstly, the synthesis of EWPU was confirmed by FT-IR. And then, TG test showed that the heat resistance of EWPU was better than that of WPU. Finally, the effects of the amount of DMPA, the molar ratio of —NCO to —OH (R value), the ratio of hard monomers and the amount of epoxy on the performance, which including the particle size, storage stability, water resistance of the coating, film wear and mechanical properties of EWPU were investigated. The results show that the EWPU had the best overall performance when the DMPA content was 5%, the R value was 1.5, the hard monomer ratio was 35%, and the EP content was 8%.
  • SONG Jingjing, MAO Weiwei, WANG Pingping, YAN Hui, ZHANG Xianfeng, LI Qian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(10): 10216-10220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.10.038
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    WO3 powder was synthesized through the method of water bath with the assistance of oxalic acid. The effects of oxalic acid on the microstructure and photochromic properties of WO3 powder were mainly discussed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that when the ratio of oxalic acid to tungstate(C/W) was 0∶1 or 0.025∶1, the obtained samples can be indexed to hexagonal structure of WO3, which looked like urchin comprised of many nanorods. In addition, when the C/W was 0.075∶1 or 0.10∶1, the obtained nanostructure showed itself as nanoflowers. Meanwhile, the XRD diffraction peaks of the as-obtained samples could be indexed to orthorhombic WO3·H2O, which performed well crystallinity with the assembly of nanoflowers from square nanoplates. Above all, when the C/W ratio was 0.075∶1, the as-obtained samples showed integral nanoflowers structure. The diameters were about 3 μm, and the length and the thickness of the square nanoplate were about 1.5 μm and 160 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the peak value of 32.68 was acquired attributed to photochromic behavior.