28 February 2018, Volume 49 Issue 2
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fundin 2017)
  • Synthesis of large-area compact ZnO thin films and its photoelectrochemical properties
    WANG Haiwei, LIU Haoguang, ZENG Huiping, HU Binbin, DU Zuliang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2001-2005. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.001
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    Large area, uniform and porous ZnO thin films were fabricated below a BSA monolayer annealed at low temperature on FTO substrates by using biomimetic method. The microstructure, surface topography, crystallization properties and photoluminescence properties of the obtained ZnO thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The results show that the simple and fast preparation is suitable for large area production. The results of characterization indicate that the thin films have high specific surface area and broadband luminescence properties of violet light.
  • Effect of alkaline treatment on the properties of bamboo fiber/polylactic acid biodegradable composite
    ZUO Yingfeng, LI Ping, LIU Wenjie, LI Xingong, JIANG Ping, WU Yiqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2006-2012. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.002
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    After alkali treatment of bamboo fiber with NaOH solution as modifier, bamboo fiber/PLA biodegradable composite was prepared by melt blending with polylactic acid (PLA). The effects of NaOH solution concentration, alkali treatment time and alkali treatment temperature on tensile strength, flexural strength and water resistance of composite were investigated, and the surface morphology of bamboo fiber after alkali treatment was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the surface roughness and the strength of single fiber of bamboo fiber were increased after alkali treatment, which effectively improved the mechanical adhesion between bamboo fiber and PLA matrix. However, when the alkali concentration was too large, the treatment time was too long or the treatment temperature was too high, the molecular arrangement of cellulose chains was compacted and the mechanical properties of the whole fiber decreased. The bamboo fiber/PLA composite has the best tensile properties, bending properties and water resistance with 3% of the concentration of NaOH solution, 4 h of the treatment time and 60 ℃ of the treatment temperature.
  • Effect of poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) content on the performance of novel ion exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery applications
    CHEN Yuning, ZHANG Shouhai, LIU Qian, XUE Rendong, JIAN Xigao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2013-2017. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.003
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    Blend base membranes (BPPEK/PPEK) were prepared from brominated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (BPPEK) with the bromide degree of 0.95 and poly(phthalazinone ether)s (PPEK) by casting solution.Then the base membranes were quaternized and acidized successively to obtain QBPPEK/PPEK membranes. Water uptake, swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity (IEC), vanadium ion permeability, area resistance and microstructure of QBPPEK/PPEK membranes were investigated. The area resistance of QBPPEK/PPEK membranes increased, but ion exchange capacity, water uptake and vanadium ion permeability decreased with an increase in the mass ratio of PPEK. Compared with Nafion115 membrane, QBPPEK/PPEK membranes showed much lower vanadium ion permeability and higher columbic efficiencies. When the content of PPEK reached 10%, the energy efficiency of VRB cell with QBPPEK/PPEK membrane was 88.9%. What’s more, the introduction of PPEK could improve the oxidative stability of QBPPEK/PPEK membranes.
  • Preparation and the effect on photoelectric properties of Cu2O sensitized ZnO nanorods
    TIAN Chuanjin, ZHAO Wenyan, YANG Haibin, FU Wuyou, XIE Zhipeng, WANG Changan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2018-2023. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.004
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    Cu2O sensitized ZnO nanorod array films were prepared on transparent conductive glass (FTO) by electrochemical deposition method. The microstructure, surface morphologies and photoelectric properties of Cu2O sensitized ZnO films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray energy spectrum (EDS) and electrochemical workstation (CHI601C). The results show that electrochemical deposition of Cu2O nanocrystals can be formed heterojunction with the ZnO nanorods and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of ZnO thin films. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of Cu2O sensitized ZnO nanorod films is the highest when the deposition time of Cu2O is 5 min.
  • Preparation and molecular dynamics simulation of PLA/PA11 blend
    YANG Luxia, FU Yizheng, LIAO Liqiong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2024-2028. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.005
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    Blends of entirely biosourced polymers, namely polylactide (PLA) and polyamide11 (PA11), have been prepared by a melt-blending process. Several kinds of PLA/PA11 blends ( with different ratio of 0/100, 10/90, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, 90/10, 100/0) were examined. DMA, XRD, SEM, mechanical properties testing, FT-IR analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to characterize the properties of the PLA/PA11 blends. The DMA analysis and MD simulation results showed that immiscibility prevails in all PLA/PA11 blends. XRD analysis indicated that in the 70/30 PLA/PA11 blends, the PLA component has been crystallized. SEM analysis indicated that there is a distinct interface between the PLA and PA11 in 70/30 PLA/PA11 blend, whose mechanical properties decrease significantly. The binding energy, radial distribution function g(r) obtained from MD simulations results revealed the existence of hydrogen-bonding between PLA and PA11, but the compatibility of PLA/PA11 blends can not be improved by the weak hydrogen bonding.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progress of fusion protein linkers
    MAO Yun, LI Hongmin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2029-2034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.006
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    The protein linker is a short amino acid sequence that exists in a protein molecule containing two or more specific domains, and plays an important role in the function and stability of the protein. The technology using protein linkers to construct bifunctionalor multifunctional fusion protein has been widely used in the development of biological products, the preparation of antibody conjugated drugs and other areas such as popular. As an indispensable part of the fusion protein, protein linker has a key impact in the construction of fusion proteins with stable biological activity. According to the different structure and function, the protein linkers can be divided into flexible linkers, rigid linkers and in vivo cleavable linkers. In this paper, the discovery, species and function of fusion proteins linkers and the application in the construction of fusion protein in recent years were reviewed.
  • Current research status and development trend of tunable metamaterials absorber
    ZHANG Han, WANG Donghong, ZHANG Zekui, LI Baoyi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2035-2042. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.007
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    Due to the capability of perfect absorption, metamaterial becomes a hot research topic of wave absorbing materials in recent years. However, conventional metamaterials absorber is passive absorption and has the disadvantage that the wave-absorbing property can’t be changed once the molding is performed. Therefore, tunable metamaterials absorber gradually becomes one of the main research directions. Base on the research developments of tunable metamaterials absorber both of the domestic and foreign, several tunable methods were introduced in classification. Matrix structure and tunable mechanism was chief expounded. Furthermore, the tendency of change of wave absorbing characteristics curve and relationship between wave absorbing characteristics and effect factor were concluded. Finally, full text was summarized. The development trend of tunable metamaterials is prospected. The important faction of tunable metamaterials absorber was explained.
  • The application and development of novel carbon materials in supercapacitor energy storage technology under energy internet background
    SUN Kai, ZHANG Xihua, LI Bin, YUAN Jianjun, LI Huadong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2043-2053. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.008
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    Supercapacitors are novel energy storage elements between traditional capacitors and chemical batteries. In general, supercapacitors possess high power density, fast charge-discharge speed, long working life and low environmental pollution. As a significant component, electrode materials make an important effect on the electrochemical performance and commercial applications on the supercapacitors. In recent years, the novel carbon materials, such as carbon aerogrl, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and graphene, have been a research hotspot, which can be promising candidate for the new generation electrode materials. In this paper, the recent advancement and development of the novel carbon materials were reviewed. Moreover, the urgent requirement and the challenges of the carbon materials were proposed as well as the perspective in future, which offered theoretical basis and technique support for the construction of energy internet.
  • Research progress of moulding process for thermosetting polyimide resins
    YANG Jiayi, YANG Bofeng, ZHENG Guoyun, LI Kun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2054-2059. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.009
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    Thermosetting polyimide resins were polymer materials with repetitive structure (—C—N—C—). They could not be dissolved and melted after cured, but just be moulded by one-time thermoforming. There were three kinds of moulding process for PI: hot press moulding, autoclave moulding, and cold press and sintering, and the moulding temperature, pressure and time were changing by different raw monomer. These three kinds of moulding process had merits and demerits respectively. There were phenomenon of non-uniform heating on PI product, because the moulding process belong to external heating radiation. A new idea of moulding process for thermosetting PI by promoting chain movement with electromagnetic wave was put forward.
  • Research progress on the effect of high voltage cathode material LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 on kinetic properties
    YU Yue, LI Gang, LIU Qiaofang, BAI Hongli, SU Changwei, GUO Junming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2060-2066. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.010
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    With its high voltage platform, high energy density and power density and environmental friendliness, spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 has been considered as very promising cathode materials in recent years. In this paper, the structure of high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials, the influence of the temperature on its structure, structural judgment and the preparation methods are briefly introduced. The influence of the bulk doping and surface-modification on the charge transfer resistance, diffusion coefficient and properties of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials are summarized in detail. And the development trend of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material is prospected.
  • Recent advances and prospects in wave absorbing materials prepared by electrospinning
    ZHANG Sa, WANG Jianjiang, ZHAO Fang, LIU Jiawei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2067-2073. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.011
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    The nanofiber absorbing materials have been research hotspots of high-performance absorbing materials in recent years, owning to its unique surface effect and aeolotropism. As the simplest and effective method of preparing nanofiber, electrospinning has been applied to prepare wave absorbing materials. Many fruitful researches have been done by this means. In this paper, the types and characteristics of absorbing materials prepared by electrospinning are introduced, and the morphology of nanofiber is summarized. In the end, the developing trend and the issues to be resolved of wave absorbing materials prepared by electrospinning are discussed.
    • Research & Development
  • Dynamic damage on clusters (SiO2)n(n=6,14) under femtosecond pulse strong laser irradiation
    REN Dahua, XIANG Baoyan, TAN Xingyi, HU Cheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2074-2080. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.012
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    In the applications of ultrafast intense laser fields, especially for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, the major ingredient of optical elements is silica dioxide. Unfortunately, optical elements are made up with amorphous silica dioxide whose structure is very complicated. Because of the difficulties in building structures of amorphous silica, silica dioxide clusters were usually taken as amorphous silica. And the optical elements often produce a variety of silica clusters during the damage process. So it is very necessary to investigate the silica glass damages induced by ultrafast intense laser based on time dependent density functional theory. It is found that when a pulsed laser acts on clusters, the lengths of Si—O bond are increased and laser weakens the strength of covalent bonds of Si—O bond, leading to the gradual breaking of the Si—O bond. Finally, the structures of clusters (SiO2)n(n=6, 14) are damaged. With the laser strength enhancing, the Si—O bonds are firstly broken in a shorter time. Meanwhile the charge densities induced by the femtosecond laser also catch variation according with laser degenerating trail.
  • Fabrication and characterization of hydrophobic coatings based fluorine containing colloidal particles
    ZHU Xiaojie, ZHANG Rongli, ZHU Ye, ZHAO Wei, XU Sheng, LIU Xiaoya
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2081-2085. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.013
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    In this paper, fluorine containing amphiphilic random poly(styrene-r-acrylic acid-r-2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate) (PSAF) copolymer was successfully designed and synthesized. The prepared PSAF copolymer can self-assemble into colloidal nanoparticles in selective solvent of N,N-dicarboximide (DMF) and water. The results show that the PSAF self-assembled colloidal nanoparticles were spherical with a size of 114.1 nm. Furthermore, the PSAF colloidal particles were secondary assembled to substrates under the induction of external electric fields to construct porously hydrophobic coatings. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical contact angle measuring device (OCA) were employed to determine the structure and properties of PSAF coatings. The deposition voltage of 5 V was beneficial to prepare PSAF coatings with highest hydrophobic properties. The maximum water contact angle of the coating could reach 123.1 °.
  • Simulation of magnetic field induced compressive mechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomers based on RVE model in Digimat
    LIU Bin, YOU Shihui, ZHAO Shuxun, LI Zixi, LIAO Mingwu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2086-2092. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.014
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    The macroscopic compressive mechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomers are affected by the volume ratio, morphology and external magnetic field of the components. In this paper, the static magneto-induced properties of magnetorheological elastomers under magnetic field and compression conditions are systematically studied from three aspects. Firstly, the homogenization method and RVE of Digimat were used to study the mechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomers under zero magnetic field. Then, the magneto-induced mechanical properties of isotropic and anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers are studied under magnetic field. Finally, the mechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomers were studied by experimental method. The results show that the magnetic-induced compressive modulus of both the granule isotropic and the chain magnetorheological elastomers increases under magnetic field. Meanwhile, the magnetorheological effect of the magnetorheological elastomer of granule chain is greater than that of the isotropic magnetorheological elastomer.
  • Importance and contribution of activated carbon mesopore to the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution
    FAN Mingxia, TONG Shitang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2093-2096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.015
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    The existence pattern and size of lead and cadmium ions in the solution were analyzed. Lab-made mesoporous activated carbons (MACs) with average pore size of 2.23-3.37 nm and mesopore porosity of 45.1%-91.9% were prepared. The effect of the mesopore structure of MACs on the adsorption properties of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions was studied. The results showed that hydroxy complex ions of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) in aqueous solution were found to be strongly determined by pH. The suitable mesopore sizes matched with diameters of the hydrated ions of lead and cadmium. The removal of Pb(Ⅱ) increased from 28.4% to 99.9% and Cd(Ⅱ) increased from 39.4% to 100% with a increase in mesopore porosity from 45.10% to 91.89% respectively. Removal of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) increases with an increase in mesoporosity of MACs, highlighting the importance of mesoporosity in enhancing adsorption efficiency.
  • Magnetoelectric properties of new diluted magnetic semiconductor LiMgN with different concentrations of Mn doping
    DU Chengxu, XU Jian, CHEN Ting, PANG Xingxing, LIU Yanghua, WU Zhimin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2097-2102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.016
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    Using first-principles density functional theory based on the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method and generalized gradient approximation(GGA), the geometric structures of pure LiMgN, different concentrations of Mn-doped LiMgN, and different concentrations of Mn-doped LiMgN with either excess Li or Li deficiency are optimized, and their electronic structures, half-metallic properties and magnetoelectric properties are calculated. The results show that in the systems of Li1±y(Mg1-xMnx)N (x,y=0.0625,x,y=0.125), a 100% spin injectors is revealed, and the materials exhibit half metallic. When Mn is doping LiMgN, the width of impurity band and Curie temperature increased with the increase of Mn concentration. In the Li-deficiency compounds, with the increase of Mn concentration, band gap value of system decreases and the conductive capability increased. In the Li-excess compounds, impurity band width and semimetal energy gap are the largest, which can realize to improve the Curie temperature of Mn doping LiMgN system, while band gap achieves the minimum value at 6.25% Mn concentration. It indicates that Mn doping LiMgN system can be regulated by changing the concentration of Mn and the content of Li to implement electrical and magnetic control.
  • Preparation and properties of carboxylated carbon nanotubes/poly(vinylidene fluoride) dielectric composites
    LUO Lu, LI Xiaorui, WANG Haihua, FEI Guiqiang, SHEN Yiding
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2103-2107. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.017
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    The multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated with acid mixture (volume ratio of H2SO4 and HNO3 was 3∶1) to make them carboxylated. And using carboxylated-MWCNTs as fillers, MWCNTs/PVDF dielectric composites were formed by solution blending into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The structures and morphologies of the materials were characterized by XRD, Raman, TEM and SEM. The effects of the amount of MWCNTs on the thermal stability, mechanical properties and dielectric properties of MWCNTs/PVDF composites were investigated by using TG, tensile test and LCR impedance analyzer. The result showed that with the increase of carboxylated-MWCNTs content, the thermodynamic and dielectric properties of the composites were significantly improved compared with those of pure PVDF. When m(MWCNTs) was 10%, the mass retention rate of the composites reached 76%. At room temperature and 1 kHz frequency, a percolation threshold was achieved when m(MWCNTs) was 8%, and the dielectric constant of the composites reached 163.5, which was 16 times of that of the pure PVDF and the dielectric loss was 0.06. At this time, the mechanical properties of the composites were best. The tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus of elasticity were 58.92 MPa, 215.83% and 2 025.42 MPa, respectively.
  • Influence of ball-to-powder ratio on microwave absorbing property of FeSiAl alloy
    ZHOU Yingying, XIE Hui, ZHOU Wancheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2108-2112. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.018
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    FeSiAl powder was modified by wet milling with different ball-to-powder ratio. The morphology, particle size, electromagnetic parameters and wave absorbing properties of FeSiAl powder before and after modification were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser particle size analyzer and vector network analyzer, respectively. The result shows that the average particle size of FeSiAl powder decreases and the level of flattening increases with the increase of ball-to-powder ratio. The simulated reflectivity result shows that when the ball-to-powder ratio is 5:1, the absorption value of the material is under -10 dB at the test band, and the minimum absorption peak value at 10.4 GHz is -22.9 dB.
  • ZrO2/HA composites prepared by centrifugal-gelcasting technology
    FENG Huiwen, LI Qiang, YU Jingyuan, SUN Xudong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2113-2118. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.019
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    Centrifugal gelcasting technology was used to prepare gradient ZrO2/HA composites. The effects of solid contents and ZrO2 contents on slurries viscosity were studied. The gelcasting process of ZrO2/HA slurries was observed. The effects of centrifugal slip casting parameters on green density difference of ZrO2/HA samples were analyzed. The microstructure of the sintered products was observed and the mechanical properties of gradient ZrO2/HA composites were measured. The results show that the viscosity of ZrO2/HA slurries with 40wt% solid content and 15wt% ZrO2 is 223.5 mPa·s, showing good dispersion of slurries. When the catalyst content is 1.5wt% and the initiator content is 0.6wt%, the gelcasting process of ZrO2/HA slurries meets with centrifugal process. The green compacts centrifuged at 1 500 r/m form good gradient distribution of green density. SEM observation shows that the top, middle and bottom of the compacts sintered at 1 200 ℃ for 2 h have good gradient distribution of ZrO2 phase. The bending strength and fracture toughness of gradient ZrO2/HA composites with 15wt% ZrO2 come to the maximum of 84.2 MPa and 1.76 MPa·m1/2, which are 159.8% and 117.2% more than those of HA matrix.
  • Effect of buffer layer on the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerator
    SONG Zhixian, HAN Junpeng, JIANG Tao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2119-2123. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.020
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    The invention of triboelectric nanogenerator is revolutionary in the field of converting mechanical energy into electricity, which provides a new direction for solving the energy problem. The key challenge for this energy harvesting devices is how to enhance its output performance. Herein, the acrylic, fluorinated ethylene propylene, acrylamide gel and sponge are selected as the triboelectric nanogenerators buffer layers to investigate the effect of buffer layer on the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators by 6514 Programmable Electrometer. The results show that the short-circuit current is obviously improved with the increase of the buffer layer’s softness, and under high pressure, the softer the buffer layer, the higher the output performance. This study provides an efficient pathway for enhancing the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerator.
  • Effect of attapulgite addition on the performance of a PVDF ultrafiltration membrane
    JI Chao, WANG Jianming, SONG Hongchen, ZHONG Xiaoqing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2124-2129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.021
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    To improve the comprehensive performance of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, attapulgite which is a highly hydrophilic fibrillar mineral in nature was added into the casting solution as an addictive. A hybrid ultrafiltration membrane is prepared via a phase inversion method. The morphology, hydrophilicity, filtration ability, thermal stability and anti-fouling ability of the modified membrane were investigated. Compared with the pure PVDF sample, the attapulgite particle blended membrane had smaller pore size, better hydrophilicity and improved pure water flux, BSA rejection rate and anti-fouling ability. The statistic showed that the contact angle decreased from 87.4 to 78.8°. When the additive amount was below 6%, the pure water flux was increased from 104.1 to 232.4 L/(m2·h) and the recovery rate after fouled by BSA was increased from 37.9% to 59.4%. Thus, attapulgite is a favorable addictive for fabrication of ultrafiltration membranes and the hybrid membrane shows better performance when the amount of additive is 6%.
  • Effect of co-substitution of fluoride and carbonate on hydroxyapatite performance
    ZHU Qingxia, LI Yaming, HAN Dan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2130-2135. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.022
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    Carbonate and fluoride co-substituted hydroxyapatite powders (CFHA) are prepared via wet chemical precipitation method. XRD, high-temperature dilatometer, SEM and the universal testing machine were used to investigate the influences of carbonate and fluoride co-substitution on the high-temperature thermal stability, high-temperature sintering properties, coefficient of thermal expansion (CET) and flexural strength of CFHA compacts. The results show that the wet CO2 atmosphere is beneficial to the thermal stability of carbonate. The weight loss mainly depends on the carbonate content, and the carbonate and fluorine substitutions have no obvious effect on the decomposition temperature of the carbonate. Carbonate substitution promotes sintering, whereas fluorine substitution is not good for sintering. The CET of CFHA samples deceases with the carbonate and fluoride substitution content, while flexural strength increases.
  • Microwave absorbing properties of graphene/carbon nanotube composite materials
    JIA Kun, LI Kexun, ZHANG Zekui, GU Jianyu, MA Jiangjiang, WANG Donghong, QIAO Miaojie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2136-2140. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.023
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    Graphene and carbon nanotubes are new carbon nano-materials, which have the characteristics of great specific surface area, good electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical properties. In this paper, graphene/carbon nanotubes composite materials were prepared by using microwave puffing method. Carbon nanotubes not only played a role in connecting the graphene layer structure, but also acted as a synergistic co graphene absorbing effect.Meanwhile the catalyst of carbon nanotubes under microwave condition was decomposed into nano magnetic particles, improvingthe absorbing properties of the composite material. The morphology and chemical compositionof the carbon nanocomposites were examined by SEM, EDX and TEM, respectively. The complex relative permittivity and permeability of the absorber were measured by using a microwave network analyzer in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz. The reflection loss curves of the carbon nanocomposites were calculated using computer simulation technique. The results showed that the electromagnetic loss mechanism consists of dielectric loss and magnetic loss. It was found that in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz, with the increase of the matching thickness, the maximum absorbing peaks of the carbon nanocomposites shifted to lower frequency region. When the matching thickness was 2.5 mm, the maximum absorption peak of the carbon nanocomposites was -28 dB at 14.4 GHz and the maximum reflection loss of -10 dB was achieved within the range of 12.4-17.7 GHz.
  • Study on CNCs-g-AANananocrystal/polyether sulfoneblended ultrafiltration membranes
    CHEN Jin, HOU Ting, ZHOU Jianjun, HE Ming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2141-2145. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.024
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    In this study, PAA was grafted onto the surface of CNCs by using ATRP conditions to prepare nanocrystals with pH-sensitivity. The CNCs particlesand the modified CNCs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) andparticle size analyzer.The pure PES membrane and blended CNCs-g-PAA/PES membranes were prepared by a phase inversion process, and the structure of the membranes were analyzed and characterized byscanning electron microscopy (SEM), water flux test and contact angle test. The results show that the pore size of the porous support layer of the membrane is larger than that of the pure PES film, and the pore size becomes larger and thetop layer becomes thinner. When the CNCs-g-AANaloading is 1wt%, the water flux of the CNCs-g-AANa/PESblend film is obviously improved. And the blend film has pH sensitivity. When the pH value is more than 7.2, the water flux of the blend film tends to be constant at 137.47 L/(m2·h), which is 41% higher than that of pure PES membrane. When the pH value decrease to 3.3, the water flux of the blend film reaches 218.54 L/(m2·h) by an increase about 124% as compared with pure PES membrane.
  • Distribution of aluminum coordination in ettringite and C-S-H gels system under chloride ions environment
    HU Chenguang, WANG Juan, BAI Ruiying, LIU Gang, ZHOU Jinjin, FENG Xiaoxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2146-2151. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.025
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    The distribution of aluminum coordination in the ettringite and C-S-H gels system under chloride ions environment was investigated through chemical synthesis of ettringite and C-S-H gels and by XRD, 27Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The results indicate that in the coexistence environment of C-S-H gels and chloride ions, the 6-coordination aluminum (Al[6]) in the TAH (third aluminum hydrate) gels firstly transforms into the 4-coordination aluminum (Al[4]) entering into C-S-H structure, and the total amount of Al[4] in that C-S-H is not restricted by the Ca/Si ratio of them; meanwhile, the transformation from Al[6]-TAH to Al[4] is not influenced by chloride ions, and the remainder Al[6]-TAH reacts with chloride ions to form the Friedel’s salts (F’s), when the amount of Al[4] reaches the capability limit of C-S-H gels. Furthermore, the reaction of TAH with chloride ions is more easier than that of ettringite to form the F’s, and the environment of low Ca/Si ratio C-S-H gels does not favor for the reaction of the TAH with chloride ions, on the contrary, it promotes the decomposition of ettringite to form the F’s in environment of chloride ions.
  • Preparation and characterization of expanded microsphere/silicone rubber foam heat insulation material
    WANG Xiaoqing, WEN Qingzhen, ZHU Hao, ZHU Jinhua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2152-2156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.026
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    In this paper, the EM/MVQ foam insulation material was prepared by physical foaming method, using expanded microsphere (EM) as foaming agent and methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ) as matrix. The influence of foaming temperature and amount of foaming agent on the properties of silicone rubber foam material was investigated. And the micro structure and properties of the foam insulation materials were characterized by stereomicroscope, heat conduction coefficient, universal mechanical testing machine and thermogravimetric analyzer. The results show that the optimum foaming temperature of expanded microsphere is 100 ℃. The thermal conductivity and tensile strength of EM/MVQ foam insulation decrease as the amount of foaming agent increases. When the amount of foaming agent is 20 g/100 g MVQ, the thermal conductivity and the tensile strength of EM/MVQ foam insulation material are 0.505 W/(m·K) and 1.057 MPa respectively.
  • Effect of stress loading on fatigue properties of HTPB propellant
    LIANG Wei, XU Jinsheng, CHEN Xiong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2157-2162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.027
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    In order to investigate the fatigue properties of HTPB propellants at different stress levels, fatigue tests with different stress amplitudes and different mean stresses were carried out. The results show that the increase of the mean stress and stress amplitude will shorten the fatigue life. The strain in the fatigue process is increasing, and the peak strain in the process of fatigue obviously has three stages of evolution. It can be used as the macroscopic representation of the material damage and the fatigue fracture mechanism of the material was analyzed from the microcosmic point of view. Based on the damage mechanics theory, the fatigue damage model of HTPB propellant under different stress levels is established, which can characterize the damage evolution of the material very well by decomposing the stress input into the superposition of constant stress and alternating stress.
  • Study on interfacial reaction of liquid Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder with Cu, Fe and Co substrate
    LI Chao, HU Xiaowu, LI Yulong, JIANG Xiongxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2163-2168. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.028
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    In this paper, the interfacial reactions and interfaciallic compounds (IMC) between liquid Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder and Cu, Fe and Cosubstrateduring different soldering time and constant temperature 380 ℃ were studied. The results indicate that with the increase of soldering time, the average thickness of the three IMCs increases gradually.IMC composition of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cu interface is Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn,but the main component of the interface IMC isCu3Sn after a long time of soldering.IMC composition of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Fe interface is FeSn2, which grows slowly and forms the smallest thickness during soldering process compared to the other two interfaces. When soldering for a short time (1 min), Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cointerface will divide into two layers. It is considered that a small amount of CoSn2 and Sn atoms react with each other to form CoSn3 near the side of the solder, and CoSn2 is generated near the substrate side.After prolonged soldering,only the CoSn3 was observed in the IMC. By fitting the data, the growth rate constants of the IMC layer of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cu, Fe and Co were 9.55×10-6t0.34, 1.51×10-6t0.18, 0.85×10-6t0.45,respectively.Compared with the three substrates, the interfacial reaction rate of liquid Sn-based solder and Cu substrate was the fastest, and the average thickness of IMC was also thicker.
    • Process & Technology
  • Research on preparation and mechanical property of carbon nanotubes reinforced cement composites
    DONG Suqin, GAO Bing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2169-2173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.029
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    In this paper, the direct and indirect doping MWCNT methods were applied to prepare carbon nanotubes reinforced cementitious composite material. The drying shrinkage, tensile strength, compressive strength and interfacial reaction of MWCNT and cement were investigated by electronic universal-testing machine and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Results show that the MWCNT/cement composite prepared by indirect doping method displays higher tensile and compressive strength than that by direct doping. With 0.1 wt% MWCNT doping amount, the tensile and compressive strength of indirect doping prepared MWCNT/cement composite can be improved by 25 % and 31.1 %, respectively, as compare to cement material without doping. The mechanical strength improvement is mainly contributed by good interfacial compatibility between MWCNT and cement. Besides that, cluster formation of carbon fibre in MWCNT/cement composite can be effectively avoided by indirect doping method, which is also a key contributor.
  • Preparation of cellulose based magnetic adsorbent and its adsorption behavior for metal ions
    HALIDAN Maimaiti, ZHANG Yunfei, GUNISAKEZI Yislamu, YUERIGUL Maimaiti
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2174-2182. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.030
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    In order to further improve the efficiency of adsorption and separation of nano adsorption materials, a cellulose based magnetic adsorbent (NCC-EDA/Fe3O4) were prepared via amination nanocellulose (NCC-EDA) linked Fe3O4. Characterization with FT-IR, XRD, TEM, elemental analysis, ICP-AES, BET and hysteresis regression line measurements showed that the NCC-EDA/Fe3O4 has a larger specific surface area and pore, a variety of reactive functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino of alcohol, sulfurous acid chloride resin base and so on, and as well as the strong paramagnetism, which can form ligand or chelate structure with heavy metal, and can be well separated from a solution by magnet. Adsorption effect factors of NCC-EDA/ Fe3O4 on Cr6+, Pb2+ and Ni2+, such as pH, adsorption time, initial concentration of metal ion solution and adsorption temperature were investigated in detail. And the kinetics of adsorption, adsorption isotherm and adsorption thermodynamics were discussed. The results showed that the prepared NCC-EDA/Fe3O4 has high adsorption ability to remove heavy metal, and the maximum adsorption capacities of Pb2+, Ni2+and Cr6+were found to be 352.10, 265.96 and 291.55 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption process is a spontaneous monolayer chemical adsorption. Adsorption behavior is in line with the proposed secondary dynamics equations and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. NCC-EDA/Fe3O4 has the characteristic of high adsorption rate and excellent performance of repeated use.
  • Preparation and properties of waterborne polyurethane modified emulsified asphalt
    ZHANG Fenglei, LING Chen, WANG Yi, YANG Song, YANG Jing, LI Jing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2183-2186. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.031
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    The development of a high-performance waterborne polyurethane modified emulsified asphalt is described in this paper. By measuring the residues of the three major indexes and storage stability, and combining with fluorescence and infrared microscopic analysis, the effect of the ratio of modifier on the stability and the properties of the residue is investigated. Study shows that after adding waterborne polyurethane modified agent, the temperature of the emulsified asphalt reduced susceptibility and the emulsified asphalt has the high temperature stability. The infrared spectrum analysis shows that chemical modification and physical modification coexist at the same time by adding waterborne polyurethane modified agent.
  • The structure modulation and mechanical properties of HfN/HfB2 multilayer film
    YU Jiangang, DONG Lei, NIE Yuyao, SHI Yongzhi, LI Dejun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2187-2192. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.032
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    In order to further understand the influence of modulation period on mechanical properties of HfN/HfB2 multilayer film, HfN/HfB2 multilayer film which has a constant thickness and various modulation periods were synthesized on Si (100) by ultra-high vacuum magnetron sputtering. The microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of the multilayer film were studied by XRD, TEM, XP-2 step profiler, nano-indentation system and wear test technique. The results showed that all the HfN/HfB2 multilayer film deposited at room temperature show a crystalline/amorphous mixed structure. The crystallization degree, hardness and elastic modulus increase then decrease with the increase of modulation period. The highest hardness ((36.72±1.3) GPa) and elastic modulus ((378.41±5.6) GPa) were obtained with the modulation period of 40 nm, and the higher adhesion strength (Lmax=67.3 mN) and the lower coefficient of friction (0.061) were also acquired at the same time. When the modulation period was 20 nm, the multilayer film acquired the lowest residual stress (-0.82 GPa). The good thermal stability has been proved by the no changing on hardness and elastic modulus of multilayer film after annealing at high temperature. The change of the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties is attributed to the grain refinement.
  • Experimental study on steel bar with dacromet coating protection in magnesium oxychloride cement concrete
    QIAO Hongxia, GUO Xaingke, WANG Penghui, GONG Wei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2193-2197. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.033
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    In order to solve the problem of poor bittern resistance of ordinary reinforced concrete under saline environment, based on the bittern corrosion of foundation project in western region, polarization curves of dacromet (DKL) coating rebar in magnesium oxychloride cement concrete in chloride and sulfate solution were tested in this paper by using electrochemical methods, and the exposed reinforcement in magnesium oxychloride cement concrete was used as the control group. The results show that the corrosion rate of DKL coating rebar in magnesium oxychloride cement concrete in chloride and sulfate solutions is obviously smaller than that of exposed reinforcement, and the rate of that in chloride and sulfate solutions can reach to 1/61 and 1/35 of exposed steel bars respectively. Therefore, DKL coating rebar has the better resistance to chloride and sulfate corrosion, which can improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium oxychloride cement concrete in western saline soil.
  • Adsorption and determination of bilirubin on bromohexadecyl pyridine modified badam shell
    CHU Ganghui, GUAN Sijing, MIERAYI Mamaitmin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2198-2203. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.034
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    Modified badam shell was prepared on ultrasonic wave by bromohexadecyl pyridine (BHPD), and its adsorption capability for bilirubin was studied. Then a method for quantitative determination of bilirubin in dilute solution was developed by adsorption preconcentration and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRDRS). The effects of pH, adsorption time and original concentration of bilirubin on adsorption were also investigated. After adsorbing bilirubin onto the adsorbent, NIR with diffuse reflectance mode were measured and partial least squares (PLS) model was established for fast quantitative prediction. The results showed that its adsorption capacity on modified badam shell was very obvious (above 96%) with vibration of ten minutes at neutral condition. The results of adsorption isotherm showed that the adsorption could be described by Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption of 10.74 mg/g for bilirubin. In addition, the NIR results showed that the correlation coefficient (R) between the predicted and the reference concentration was 0.9829 and the recoveries were in the range of 81.9%-117.9% for the validation samples in the concentration range of 0.9-20.1 mg/L. Due to the facile synthesis process and good adsorption performance for bilirubin, the modified badam shell could be recommended as an adsorbent for enrichment and determination of bilirubin in dilute solution by NIRDRS combined with adsorption preconcentration in order to improve sensitivity and selectivity.
  • Numerical study of the influence of initial defects on the mechanical properties of composite solid propellants
    FENG Tao, XU Jinsheng, HAN Long, CHEN Xiong, ZHOU Changsheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2204-2208. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.035
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    In order to study the effects of the initial defects on the mechanical properties of the composite solid propellants, the molecular dynamics algorithm was adopted to generate the mesoscale granular model of the solid propellant. The cohesive element was set between the particle and the binder interface and the bilinear cohesive zone model was employed to describe the property of the interface elements. The influence of the initial defects such as the particle breaking, the interface debonding and the micro holes on the propellants was studied based on the ABAQUS platform. Then these simulation stress-strain curves were compared and the result shows that the mechanical properties of the solid propellant have serious degradation due to the initial defect, embodied in the tensile strength of the propellant is reduced by 40% and the initial modulus is decreased by 40%. It pointed out that the adhesive properties of particle/matrix interface have the most significantly influence on the mechanical properties of propellant and the propellant’s property can be improved with the interface adhesive property improving. This study has some reference guidance to the optimization of composite solid propellant formulations and production technology.
  • Preparation and properties of polyaniline conjugate grafting onto graphene oxide
    KANG Linxian, WANG Sen, WANG Yong, FENG Nanzhan, WANG Xiaotao, XUE Jun, LIU Zhilei, HU Xiaotao, HE Hualin, LIU Guangming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2209-2213. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.036
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    Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by firstly the oxidation of flake graphite using modified Hummers method, and then separation under ultrasonic system. Reacting the epoxy on the surface with ammonia to introduce aniline groups (GO-g), and polyaniline modified graphene oxide (GO-g-PANI) was prepared by conjugate grafting polyaniline onto the surface of graphene. The products were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XRD, and resistivity tester. The results showed that GO-g-PANI was successfully prepared. When the weight ratio of amino graphene to aniline is 1∶3 and aminating reaction temperature is 85 ℃, GO-g-PANI with the best conductivity is achieved, whose resistivity value is 3.35 Ω·cm. This material has potential applications in conductive materials and electromagnetic shielding materials.
  • Preparation and application of highly sensitive and stable flexible piezo-resistive sensing materials based on 3D graphene/polyacrylic acid porous materials
    WANG Pingping, YUAN Xue, CHEN Song, LIU Shuqi, LIU Haizhou, LIU Lan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(2): 2214-2220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.02.037
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    3D graphene/PAA porous composites (3D-rGO/PAA) were prepared by the adhesion between PAA elastomer and restructuring graphene aerogels which were synthesized via lyophilization of graphene oxide. The morphology of 3D-rGO/PAA unordered conductive networks was characterized by scanning electron microscope. The results show that parts of porous structures are remained and there are plenty of contact points existing in the adjacent graphene layers. 3D-rGO/PAA composites possess dual piezoresistive effect and excellent flexibility and conformability due to the elastic PAA substrate. The relationship between microstructure and the sensing performance and its sensing mechanism were also analyzed. The reconstruction of graphene conductive networks under external stress causes the change of contact resistance, and abundant contact points make 3D-rGO/PAA have excellent sensing properties. It shows that 3D-rGO/PAA composites possess high linearity and sensitivity, rapid response and excellent mechanical stability, which can monitor the movement of wrist joint and knuckle as well as the vibration of the vocal cords.
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